Within the critical tradition, mass

Within the critical tradition, mass media structures are predominantly
perceived as structures of oppression . It is argued that in
capitalist societies culture is commodified as cultural products have assumed
an exchange value that have largely replaced their intrinsic value.
Management practices, technological rationality and organisational structures
similar to those involved in the production and exchange of commodities such
as, for example, cars, are also employed in the production of cultural
products. Cultural products are furthermore sold to consumers in the market

place just as other commodities where their value is not determined by their
intrinsic worth, but rather by their entertainment value and their ability to
satisfy psychological needs. This “assembly-line character” of cultural
production results in standardisation bearing an industrial stamp. The
standardisation and commodification of culture is furthermore aggravated by
the concentration of the ownership of production of cultural products in a few
producers and countries of the world.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Dalam tradisi kritis, struktur media massa yang didominasidianggap sebagai struktur penindasan. Hal ini berpendapat bahwa dalambudaya masyarakat kapitalis adalah komoditas seperti produk-produk budaya telah mengasumsikannilai tukar yang sebagian besar telah menggantikan nilai intrinsik mereka.Praktik manajemen, teknologi rasionalitas dan struktur organisasimirip dengan yang terlibat dalam produksi dan pertukaran komoditas sepertiseperti, misalnya, Mobil, juga digunakan dalam produksi budayaproduk. Produk-produk budaya selanjutnya dijual untuk konsumen di pasar tempat komoditas hanya sebagai lainnya dimana nilai mereka tidak ditentukan oleh merekaintrinsik worth, melainkan oleh nilai hiburan mereka dan kemampuan mereka untukmemenuhi kebutuhan psikologis. Ini "karakter perakitan" budayaproduksi hasil dalam meterai industri. TheStandardisasi dan komodifikasi budaya Selain itu diperparah olehkonsentrasi kepemilikan produksi produk-produk budaya dalam beberapaprodusen dan negara di dunia.