can be measured by point of care testing at home. Studies need to be d terjemahan - can be measured by point of care testing at home. Studies need to be d Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

can be measured by point of care te

can be measured by point of care testing at home. Studies need to be done in the first trimester using pre-screening questionnaires to gather information on the time of day and gravity of the incidents, age, weight, height, overall health (particularly diabetic status), dating of pregnancy and smoking/alcohol consumption pre-pregnancy, individual NVP family history and paternal NVP family history. These participants can be assigned a daily one-hour window to self-measure blood glucose levels e.g. when NVP occurs. Equally participants also need to measure glucose at the same time during the days when they do not have morning sickness. This will be augmented by periodic measurements of hormones such as oestrogens, insulin and hCG as well as assessment of oxidative stress i.e. measurement of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. Other information that is necessary is food intake perhaps a few hours prior to the incident of morning sickness and with this, the severity of attacks recorded semi-quantitatively. Descriptive and inferential analyses can be performed on data collected during the pre-screening questionnaire and during the study. Data from the pre-screening questionnaire is useful to correlate frequency and severity of attacks with family history and spousal family history of morning sickness. Links between foetal gender and morning sickness incidents can be examined as well as external influences on frequency and severity of attacks such as alcohol consumption, smoking and exercise habits. DISCUSSION
This mini-review paper looked at the current knowledge on NVP and HG in PubMed, EBSCOHost (Health) and Primo Search data bases in the last 30 years using ‘nausea vomiting in pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, hormones in pregnancy’ as key words. The objective was to determine whether pathology-based evidence research reports have provided answers to these questions and the associated recommendations for laboratory-based management.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum
The risk factors for HG are young women, non-smokers, non-Caucasian women and those carrying multiple foetuses.14 Chan et al, noted that the timing of onset, duration and severity of symptoms differ among women and also among individual pregnancies in the same woman.15 Clinical presentations of HG are nausea, vomiting, enhanced sense of smell, food or fluid intolerance and lethargy but these can also present in a pregnant patient not suffering from HG. HG is concerning as it can lead to maternal and foetal morbidity, vitamin deficiencies, low birth weights and psychological impacts.5,11,12
NVP normally develops in the first trimester of pregnancy, peak around week 9 and usually subsides or resolves by the 12th week2 and hormonal influences have
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can be measured by point of care testing at home. Studies need to be done in the first trimester using pre-screening questionnaires to gather information on the time of day and gravity of the incidents, age, weight, height, overall health (particularly diabetic status), dating of pregnancy and smoking/alcohol consumption pre-pregnancy, individual NVP family history and paternal NVP family history. These participants can be assigned a daily one-hour window to self-measure blood glucose levels e.g. when NVP occurs. Equally participants also need to measure glucose at the same time during the days when they do not have morning sickness. This will be augmented by periodic measurements of hormones such as oestrogens, insulin and hCG as well as assessment of oxidative stress i.e. measurement of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. Other information that is necessary is food intake perhaps a few hours prior to the incident of morning sickness and with this, the severity of attacks recorded semi-quantitatively. Descriptive and inferential analyses can be performed on data collected during the pre-screening questionnaire and during the study. Data from the pre-screening questionnaire is useful to correlate frequency and severity of attacks with family history and spousal family history of morning sickness. Links between foetal gender and morning sickness incidents can be examined as well as external influences on frequency and severity of attacks such as alcohol consumption, smoking and exercise habits. DISCUSSIONThis mini-review paper looked at the current knowledge on NVP and HG in PubMed, EBSCOHost (Health) and Primo Search data bases in the last 30 years using ‘nausea vomiting in pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, hormones in pregnancy’ as key words. The objective was to determine whether pathology-based evidence research reports have provided answers to these questions and the associated recommendations for laboratory-based management.Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarumThe risk factors for HG are young women, non-smokers, non-Caucasian women and those carrying multiple foetuses.14 Chan et al, noted that the timing of onset, duration and severity of symptoms differ among women and also among individual pregnancies in the same woman.15 Clinical presentations of HG are nausea, vomiting, enhanced sense of smell, food or fluid intolerance and lethargy but these can also present in a pregnant patient not suffering from HG. HG is concerning as it can lead to maternal and foetal morbidity, vitamin deficiencies, low birth weights and psychological impacts.5,11,12NVP normally develops in the first trimester of pregnancy, peak around week 9 and usually subsides or resolves by the 12th week2 and hormonal influences have
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dapat diukur dengan titik pengujian perawatan di rumah. Studi perlu dilakukan pada trimester pertama menggunakan kuesioner pra-screening untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang waktu dan gravitasi dari insiden, usia, berat badan, tinggi badan, kesehatan secara keseluruhan (status terutama diabetes), kencan kehamilan dan merokok / konsumsi alkohol pra-kehamilan, riwayat keluarga individu NVP dan sejarah keluarga ayah NVP. Peserta tersebut dapat diberi jendela satu jam setiap hari untuk kadar glukosa darah mandiri ukuran misalnya ketika NVP terjadi. Sama peserta juga perlu mengukur glukosa pada saat yang sama selama hari-hari ketika mereka tidak memiliki morning sickness. Ini akan ditambah dengan pengukuran periodik hormon seperti estrogen, insulin dan hCG serta penilaian dari stres oksidatif yaitu pengukuran pro-oksidan dan anti-oksidan. Informasi lain yang diperlukan adalah asupan makanan mungkin beberapa jam sebelum kejadian morning sickness dan dengan ini, tingkat keparahan serangan direkam semi-kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif dan inferensial dapat dilakukan pada data yang dikumpulkan selama kuesioner pra-screening dan selama penelitian. Data dari kuesioner pra-screening berguna untuk mengkorelasikan frekuensi dan tingkat keparahan serangan dengan riwayat keluarga dan riwayat keluarga suami-istri dari morning sickness. Hubungan antara jenis kelamin janin dan insiden morning sickness dapat diperiksa serta pengaruh eksternal pada frekuensi dan tingkat keparahan serangan seperti konsumsi alkohol, merokok dan kebiasaan olahraga. PEMBAHASAN
kertas mini Ulasan ini memandang pengetahuan saat ini pada NVP dan HG di PubMed, EBSCOhost (Kesehatan) dan Primo basis Cari data dalam 30 tahun terakhir menggunakan 'mual muntah dalam kehamilan, hiperemesis gravidarum, hormon dalam kehamilan' sebagai kata kunci. Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan apakah laporan penelitian berdasarkan bukti-patologi telah memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini dan rekomendasi terkait untuk laboratorium berbasis manajemen.
Mual dan muntah dalam kehamilan dan hiperemesis gravidarum
Faktor risiko untuk HG adalah perempuan muda, non-perokok, non perempuan -Caucasian dan mereka membawa beberapa foetuses.14 Chan et al, mencatat bahwa waktu onset, durasi dan keparahan gejala berbeda antara wanita dan juga di antara kehamilan individu dalam woman.15 presentasi klinis yang sama HG adalah mual, muntah, ditingkatkan indra penciuman, makanan atau cairan intoleransi dan kelesuan tetapi ini juga dapat hadir pada pasien hamil tidak menderita HG. HG menyangkut karena dapat menyebabkan ibu dan morbiditas janin, kekurangan vitamin, bobot lahir rendah dan impacts.5,11,12 psikologis
NVP biasanya berkembang pada trimester pertama kehamilan, puncak sekitar minggu 9 dan biasanya berkurang atau sembuh dengan tanggal 12 week2 dan hormonal pengaruh memiliki
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