inversely with price per share, these costs must be considered when ex terjemahan - inversely with price per share, these costs must be considered when ex Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

inversely with price per share, the

inversely with price per share, these costs must be considered when examining the small-firm
effect. It was shown that there was a significant difference in the percentage total transaction cost
for large firms (2.71 percent) versus small firms (6.77 percent). This differential in transaction
costs, with frequent trading, can have a significant impact on the results. Assuming daily transactions,
the original small-firm effects are reversed. The point is, size-effect studies must consider
realistic transaction costs and specify holding period assumptions. Studies that have considered
both factors over long periods have demonstrated that infrequent rebalancing (about once
a year) is almost ideal—the results are better than long-run buy-and-hold and avoids frequent
rebalancing that experiences excess costs. In summary, the small firms outperformed the large
firms after considering risk and transaction costs, assuming annual rebalancing.
Most studies on the size effect employed large databases and long time periods (over
50 years) to show that this phenomenon has existed for many years. In contrast, a study that
examined the performance over various intervals of time concluded that the small-firm effect is
not stable. During most periods they found the negative relationship between size and return;
but, during others (such as 1967 to 1975), they found that large firms outperformed the small
firms. Notably, this positive relationship held during the following recent periods: 1984–87;
1989–90; and 1995–99. A study by Reinganum acknowledges this instability but contends that
the small-firm effect is still a long-run phenomenon.14
In summary, firm size is a major efficient market anomaly. Numerous attempts to explain the
size anomaly indicate that the two strongest explanations are the risk measurements and the
higher transaction costs. Depending on the frequency of trading, these two factors may account
for much of the differential. These results indicate that the size effect must be considered in any
event study that uses long intervals and contains a sample of firms with significantly different
market values.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
terbalik dengan harga per saham, biaya-biaya tersebut harus dipertimbangkan ketika memeriksa kecil-perusahaan
efek. Itu menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam persentase total biaya transaksi
untuk perusahaan besar (2,71 persen) dibandingkan perusahaan kecil (6.77 persen). Ini diferensial dalam transaksi
biaya, dengan sering trading, dapat memiliki dampak signifikan pada hasil. Dengan asumsi transaksi harian,
efek kecil-perusahaan asli dibalik. Intinya adalah, ukuran-efek studi harus mempertimbangkan
realistis transaksi biaya dan menentukan memegang periode asumsi. Studi yang telah dianggap
kedua faktor jangka panjang telah menunjukkan bahwa rebalancing jarang (sekitar sekali
setahun) hampir ideal — hasil lebih baik daripada jangka panjang Beli dan tahan dan menghindari sering
rebalancing yang mengalami kelebihan biaya. Singkatnya, perusahaan kecil mengungguli besar
perusahaan setelah mempertimbangkan risiko dan transaksi biaya, dengan asumsi tahunan rebalancing.
kebanyakan studi tentang efek ukuran bekerja database besar dan periode waktu yang lama (lebih dari
50 tahun) untuk menunjukkan bahwa fenomena ini telah ada selama bertahun-tahun. Sebaliknya, sebuah studi yang
memeriksa kinerja atas berbagai interval waktu menyimpulkan bahwa efek kecil-perusahaan
tidak stabil. Selama periode kebanyakan mereka menemukan hubungan negatif antara ukuran dan pemulangan;
tapi, selama orang lain (seperti 1967-1975), mereka menemukan bahwa perusahaan besar mengungguli kecil
perusahaan. Terutama, ini hubungan positif yang diadakan selama periode hari berikut: 1984–87;
1989–90; dan 1995–99. Sebuah studi oleh Reinganum mengakui ketidakstabilan ini tetapi berpendapat bahwa
kecil-perusahaan efek yang masih phenomenon.14
In jangka panjang ringkasan, ukuran perusahaan adalah anomali utama pasar yang efisien. Berbagai upaya untuk menjelaskan
ukuran anomali menunjukkan bahwa dua penjelasan terkuat pengukuran risiko dan
biaya transaksi yang lebih tinggi. Tergantung pada frekuensi perdagangan, kedua faktor ini mungkin account
untuk banyak diferensial. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran efek harus dipertimbangkan dalam
acara studi yang menggunakan interval panjang dan berisi contoh perusahaan dengan secara signifikan berbeda
nilai pasar.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
inversely with price per share, these costs must be considered when examining the small-firm
effect. It was shown that there was a significant difference in the percentage total transaction cost
for large firms (2.71 percent) versus small firms (6.77 percent). This differential in transaction
costs, with frequent trading, can have a significant impact on the results. Assuming daily transactions,
the original small-firm effects are reversed. The point is, size-effect studies must consider
realistic transaction costs and specify holding period assumptions. Studies that have considered
both factors over long periods have demonstrated that infrequent rebalancing (about once
a year) is almost ideal—the results are better than long-run buy-and-hold and avoids frequent
rebalancing that experiences excess costs. In summary, the small firms outperformed the large
firms after considering risk and transaction costs, assuming annual rebalancing.
Most studies on the size effect employed large databases and long time periods (over
50 years) to show that this phenomenon has existed for many years. In contrast, a study that
examined the performance over various intervals of time concluded that the small-firm effect is
not stable. During most periods they found the negative relationship between size and return;
but, during others (such as 1967 to 1975), they found that large firms outperformed the small
firms. Notably, this positive relationship held during the following recent periods: 1984–87;
1989–90; and 1995–99. A study by Reinganum acknowledges this instability but contends that
the small-firm effect is still a long-run phenomenon.14
In summary, firm size is a major efficient market anomaly. Numerous attempts to explain the
size anomaly indicate that the two strongest explanations are the risk measurements and the
higher transaction costs. Depending on the frequency of trading, these two factors may account
for much of the differential. These results indicate that the size effect must be considered in any
event study that uses long intervals and contains a sample of firms with significantly different
market values.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
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