DISCUSSIONThe isolation of bacteria using MRS medium allowedidentifica terjemahan - DISCUSSIONThe isolation of bacteria using MRS medium allowedidentifica Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

DISCUSSIONThe isolation of bacteria

DISCUSSION
The isolation of bacteria using MRS medium allowed
identification of different morphotypes each time the
silos were opened, and all of the isolates were classified
as Lactobacillus genus, as reported by Ávila et al.
(2009). De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium enables
the growth of other LAB genera (Hammes and Hertel,
2003), although at none of the silo opening times in the
current study did we detect growth of LAB from other
genera. Bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus
are among those most commonly used as silage inoculants,
because of the high tolerance of these microorganisms
to acidic environments, such as sugar cane
silage, whose pH value is approximately 3.5 at the final
fermentation steps of silage (Ávila et al., 2009). Bacteria
of the Lactobacillus genus are usually responsible for
the final fermentation steps of ensilage and other plants
(Daeschel et al., 1987; McDonald et al., 1991).
Despite the low diversity of LAB found in silages
here, great diversity in their metabolism was observed
(Table 2). According to Axelsson (2004), the Lactobacillus
genus is the most heterogeneous within the LAB
group, with species exhibiting widely variable phenotypic,
physiological, and biochemical characteristics.
The major metabolic variations of these bacteria
were found in their production of lactic and acetic acids.
In general, LAB produce lactic acid as the main
product of carbohydrate fermentation, but some of the
isolated strains produced more acetic acid than lactic
acid (Table 2). This occurred because LAB can adapt
to diverse conditions by altering their metabolism. To
utilize hexoses, LAB primarily use 2 main pathways,
the first of which is glycolysis, which is characterized
by the formation of fructose-1,6-diphosphate. Under
normal conditions of high sugar content and limited
access to oxygen, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, a
metabolic pathway known as homolactic fermentation.
The other main fermentation pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway, which is characterized by initial
dehydrogenation, followed by decarboxylation leading
to significant amounts of other end products, including
CO2, ethanol, or acetic acid; this metabolism is referred
to as heterolactic fermentation (Axelsson, 2004). The
classification of LAB as homo- or heterofermentative is
based on the presence or absence of key enzymes used
in each pathway, including fructose-1,6-diphosphate
aldolase and phosphoketolase (Kandler, 1983; Kandler
and Weiss, 1986). Therefore, lactic and acetic acids
are the major products of LAB metabolism, which can
vary as a result of the ability of bacteria to use a given
metabolic pathway for a particular type of substrate
(Axelsson, 2004).
The PCA (Figure 1) showed no correlation between
the best producers of lactic acid and the best producers
of acetic acid or ethanol and propionic acid. Therefore,
in a selection process, it is unlikely that a strain
selected as the best producer of lactic acid will also be
the best producer of acetic acid.
We found no studies in the literature that describe
the production of propionic acid by a single strain of
Lactobacillus in a simple culture. However, Oude Elferink
et al. (2001) showed that strains of Lb. buchneri
and Lb. parabuchneri in a simple culture were able to
degrade lactic acid under anoxic conditions without
an external electron acceptor such as 1,2-propanediol.
Krooneman et al. (2002) showed that a new species
named Lactobacillus diolivorans was able to degrade the
1,2-propanediol present in the medium into 1-propanol
and propionic acid. The strains used in our study were
isolated from silage and have not yet been studied in
detail and their metabolism may not be fully understood.
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Disalin!
DISKUSIIsolasi bakteri yang menggunakan media MRS diperbolehkanidentifikasi morphotypes yang berbeda setiap kaliSilo dibuka, dan semua isolat tersebut diklasifikasikansebagai genus Lactobacillus, seperti yang dilaporkan oleh Ávila et al.(2009). Media de Man, Rogosa dan Sharpe memungkinkanpertumbuhan genera LAB lain (Hammes dan Hertel,2003), meskipun di tak satu pun dari silo buka diPenelitian ini menurut kami mendeteksi pertumbuhan Lab laingenera. Bakteri milik genus Lactobacillusdi antara mereka yang paling sering digunakan sebagai silase inokulan,karena tinggi toleransi mikroorganisme iniuntuk lingkungan asam, seperti tebusilase, nilai pH yang adalah sekitar 3,5 di finalfermentasi langkah-langkah silase (Ávila et al., 2009). BakteriGenus Lactobacillus biasanya bertanggung jawab untuklangkah-langkah akhir fermentasi ensilage dan tanaman lainnya(Daeschel et al., 1987; McDonald et al., 1991).Meskipun keragaman rendah LAB yang ditemukan di silagesdi sini, keragaman dalam metabolisme mereka diamati(Tabel 2). Menurut Axelsson (2004), Lactobacillusgenus ini paling heterogen dalam laboratoriumkelompok, dengan spesies yang luas memamerkan variabel fenotipik,Karakteristik fisiologis dan biokimia.Variasi metabolik utama bakteriditemukan dalam produksi asam laktat dan asetat.Secara umum, laboratorium menghasilkan asam laktat sebagai utamaproduk dari fermentasi karbohidrat, tetapi beberapaterisolasi strain menghasilkan asam asetat lebih daripada laktatasam (Tabel 2). Ini terjadi karena LAB dapat beradaptasiberagam kondisi dengan mengubah metabolisme mereka. Untukmemanfaatkan hexoses, LAB terutama menggunakan 2 jalur utama,yang pertama adalah glikolisis, yang ditandaidengan pembentukan fruktosa-1,6-diphosphate. Di bawahkondisi normal gula tinggi isi dan terbatasakses untuk oksigen, piruvat dikurangi menjadi asam laktat,lintasan metabolisme yang dikenal sebagai homolactic fermentasi.Jalur utama fermentasi lainnya adalah jalur fosfat pentosa, yang ditandai dengan awaldehydrogenation, diikuti oleh Dekarboksilasi terkemukauntuk sejumlah besar produk akhir lainnya, termasukCO2, etanol, atau asam asetat; metabolisme ini disebutuntuk sebagai heterolactic fermentasi (Axelsson, 2004). Theklasifikasi dari laboratorium sebagai homo - atau HeterofermentatifBerdasarkan tidaknya enzim kunci yang digunakandi setiap jalan, termasuk fruktosa-1,6-diphosphateAldolase dan phosphoketolase (Kandler, 1983; Kandlerdan Weiss, 1986). Oleh karena itu, asam laktat dan asetatini adalah produk utama LAB metabolisme, yang dapatbervariasi karena kemampuan bakteri untuk menggunakan diberikanlintasan metabolisme untuk jenis tertentu substrat(Axelsson, 2004).PCA (gambar 1) menunjukkan tidak ada korelasi antaraprodusen terbaik dari asam laktat dan produsen yang terbaikasam asetat atau etanol dan asam propionat. Oleh karena itu,dalam proses pemilihan, hal ini tidak mungkin bahwa ketegangandipilih sebagai produser terbaik asam laktat juga akanproduser terbaik asam asetat.Kami menemukan ada penelitian dalam literatur yang menggambarkanproduksi asam propionat oleh galur tunggalLactobacillus dalam budaya sederhana. Namun, Oude Elferinket al. (2001) menunjukkan bahwa strain Lb. buchneridan Lb. parabuchneri dalam budaya sederhana mampumenurunkan asam laktat kondisi anoxic tanpapenerima eksternal elektron seperti 1,2-propanediol.Krooneman et al. (2002) menunjukkan bahwa spesies barubernama Lactobacillus diolivorans mampu menurunkan1,2-propanediol hadir dalam medium menjadi 1-propanoldan asam propionat. Strain yang digunakan dalam penelitian kami yangterisolasi dari silase dan tidak belum telah dipelajari didetail dan metabolisme mereka mungkin tidak sepenuhnya dipahami.
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