In proposing his cultural institutional perspective, Parsons (1960) br terjemahan - In proposing his cultural institutional perspective, Parsons (1960) br Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

In proposing his cultural instituti

In proposing his cultural institutional perspective, Parsons (1960) broadened the focus of legitimation to include features other than power systems. As specialized subsystems of larger societal structures, he asserted that for organizations to have a legitimate claim on scarce resources, the goals they pursue should be congruent with wider societal values. The focus of the organization's value system "must be the legitimation of this goal in terms of the functional significance of its attainment for the superordinate system" (p. 21). This conception of legitimacy, emphasizing the consistency of organizational goals with societal functions, was later embraced by Pfeffer and colleagues (Dowling and Pfef- fer, 1975; Pfeffer and Salancik, 1978)
Most recently, with the advent of neoinstitutionalism, a number of theorists have emphasized the importance of cognitive belief systems-organizations are assessed in terms of their consistency or congruence with cultural models or rules specifying appropriate structures or procedures. Following the lead of Berger and Luckmann (1967), who emphasized the extent to which institutionalized patterns provide a basis for predictability and order, Meyer and Rowan (1977) were among the first to call attention to the ways in which organizations seek legitimacy and support by incorporating structures and procedures that match widely accepted cultural models embodying common beliefs and knowledge systems. These and related contributions represent considerable diversity but also reflect a common underlying conception, which has been formulated by Suchman (1995: 574) as follows: "Legitimacy is a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs and definitions."
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In proposing his cultural institutional perspective, Parsons (1960) broadened the focus of legitimation to include features other than power systems. As specialized subsystems of larger societal structures, he asserted that for organizations to have a legitimate claim on scarce resources, the goals they pursue should be congruent with wider societal values. The focus of the organization's value system "must be the legitimation of this goal in terms of the functional significance of its attainment for the superordinate system" (p. 21). This conception of legitimacy, emphasizing the consistency of organizational goals with societal functions, was later embraced by Pfeffer and colleagues (Dowling and Pfef- fer, 1975; Pfeffer and Salancik, 1978)Most recently, with the advent of neoinstitutionalism, a number of theorists have emphasized the importance of cognitive belief systems-organizations are assessed in terms of their consistency or congruence with cultural models or rules specifying appropriate structures or procedures. Following the lead of Berger and Luckmann (1967), who emphasized the extent to which institutionalized patterns provide a basis for predictability and order, Meyer and Rowan (1977) were among the first to call attention to the ways in which organizations seek legitimacy and support by incorporating structures and procedures that match widely accepted cultural models embodying common beliefs and knowledge systems. These and related contributions represent considerable diversity but also reflect a common underlying conception, which has been formulated by Suchman (1995: 574) as follows: "Legitimacy is a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs and definitions."
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Dalam mengusulkan perspektif kelembagaan budaya nya, Parsons (1960) memperluas fokus legitimasi untuk menyertakan fitur selain sistem tenaga. Sebagai subsistem khusus struktur sosial yang lebih besar, ia menegaskan bahwa bagi organisasi untuk memiliki klaim yang sah atas sumber daya yang langka, tujuan mereka mengejar harus kongruen dengan nilai-nilai sosial yang lebih luas. Fokus sistem nilai organisasi "harus menjadi legitimasi dari tujuan ini dalam hal pentingnya fungsional pencapaian untuk sistem atasan" (hal. 21). Konsepsi legitimasi, menekankan konsistensi tujuan organisasi dengan fungsi sosial, kemudian dianut oleh Pfeffer dan rekan (Dowling dan Pfef- fer, 1975; Pfeffer dan Salancik, 1978)
Baru-baru ini, dengan munculnya neoinstitutionalism, sejumlah teori telah menekankan pentingnya keyakinan kognitif sistem-organisasi dinilai dalam hal konsistensi mereka atau kesesuaian dengan model budaya atau aturan menentukan struktur atau prosedur yang tepat. Mengikuti jejak Berger dan Luckmann (1967), yang menekankan sejauh mana pola dilembagakan memberikan dasar untuk prediktabilitas dan ketertiban, Meyer dan Rowan (1977) merupakan yang pertama untuk memanggil perhatian pada cara di mana organisasi mencari legitimasi dan dukungan dengan memasukkan struktur dan prosedur yang sesuai dengan model budaya diterima secara luas mewujudkan keyakinan umum dan sistem pengetahuan. Ini dan terkait kontribusi mewakili keragaman yang cukup besar, tetapi juga mencerminkan konsepsi dasar yang sama, yang telah dirumuskan oleh Suchman (1995: 574) sebagai berikut: "Legitimasi adalah persepsi umum atau asumsi bahwa tindakan entitas yang diinginkan, tepat, atau sesuai dalam beberapa sistem sosial dibangun norma, nilai-nilai, keyakinan dan definisi. "
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