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Dichotomy A split by which a person experiencesor sees opposing forces; a polarity (weak/strong, dependent/independent).Dream work The Gestalt approach does notinterpret and analyze dreams. Instead, the intentis to bring dreams back to life and relive them asthough they were happening now.Emotion-focused therapy Emotion-focusedtherapy (EFT) entails the practice of therapybeing informed by understanding the role ofemotion in psychotherapeutic change.Empty-chair technique A role-playing interventionin which clients play confl icting parts.This typically consists of clients engaging in animaginary dialogue between different sides ofthemselves.Exercises Ready-made techniques that aresometimes used to make something happen in atherapy session or to achieve a goal.Experiments Procedures aimed at encouragingspontaneity and inventiveness by bringingthe possibilities for action directly into thetherapy session. Experiments are designed to enhancehere-and-now awareness. They are activitiesclients try out as a way of testing new waysof thinking, feeling, and behaving.Field A dynamic system of interrelationships.Field theory Paying attention to and exploringwhat is occurring at the boundary between theperson and the environment.Figure Those aspects of the individual’s experiencethat are most salient at any moment.Figure-formation process Describes how theindividual organizes the environment from momentto moment and how the emerging focus ofattention is on what is fi gural.Ground Those aspects of the individual’s experiencethat tend to be out of awareness or in thebackground.Holism Attending to a client’s thoughts, feelings,behaviors, body, and dreams.Impasse The stuck point in a situation inwhich individuals believe they are unable to supportthemselves and thus seek external support.Introjection The uncritical acceptance of others’beliefs and standards without assimilatingthem into one’s own personality.Organismic self-regulation An individual’stendency to take actions and make contacts thatwill restore equilibrium or contribute to change.Paradoxical theory of change A theoreticalposition that authentic change occurs more frombeing who we are than from trying to be who weare not.Phenomenological inquiry Through a therapistasking “what” and “how” questions, clientsare assisted in noticing what is occurring in thepresent moment.Projection The process by which we disowncertain aspects of ourselves by ascribing them tothe environment; the opposite of introjection.Relational Gestalt therapy A supportive,kind, and compassionate style that emphasizesdialogue in the therapeutic relationship, ratherthan the confrontational style of Fritz Perls.Retroflection The act of turning back ontoourselves something we would like to do (or havedone) to someone else.Techniques Exercises or interventions that areoften used to bring about action or interaction,
sometimes with a prescribed outcome in mind.
Unfinished business Unexpressed feelings
(such as resentment, guilt, anger, grief) dating
back to childhood that now interfere with
effective psychological functioning; needless
emotional debris that clutters present-centered
awareness.
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