IntroductionSub woofers are very popular, with home theatre being one  terjemahan - IntroductionSub woofers are very popular, with home theatre being one  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

IntroductionSub woofers are very po

Introduction

Sub woofers are very popular, with home theatre being one of the driving forces. However, a good sub adds considerably to normal hi-fi program material, and especially so if it is predictable and has good response characteristics.

The majority of sub woofers use a large speaker driver in a large box, with tuning vents and all the difficulties (and vagaries) that conventional operation entails. By conventional, I mean that the speaker and cabinet are operated as a resonant system, using the Thiele-Small parameters to obtain a box which will (if everything works as it should) provide excellent performance.
Photo
Photo of Completed Prototype

The principle of Extended Low FrequencyTM(or ELFTM) [1] is surprisingly uncommon, with one manufacturer that I have found using it in their subs [2]. I suspect there is one other, but I am not certain that the same method is used - although the principle is the same. Since ELF is trademarked, I will not be using the term in this project, but will refer to my version as Electronically Assisted Subwoofer (EAS). I briefly thought about Electronic Subwoofer Principle (ESP) but decided that would be silly

The basic principles were discovered by Edward Long and Ronald Wickersham (although there is a possibility that others have used similar principles beforehand, there is little available literature), and they both point out that there are some major problems in the reproduction of low bass, highlighting the fact that the bass is the foundation upon which the sound image is created, and that the phase response of ported enclosures can cause "smearing" of the sound in the time domain. I don't know about "smearing", but I do know that my prototype provides bass that is deeper and tighter than anything I have heard before. Ported enclosures definitely cause problems with the sound, as the reproduction mechanism relies on two resonant systems, and it takes time for the sound to build up and decay.

Siegfried Linkwitz [3] developed a circuit that equalises the bottom end of the system, but does not affect the higher frequencies. This is shown and described fully in Project 71, and must be used with a crossover. Although it offers several advantages over the EAS system described here, it is also much more reliant on your detailed knowledge of the loudspeaker driver parameters.

The electronics to perform the necessary processing are easy to build, with the only hard part being a suitably high powered amplifier, and the correct choice of loudspeaker drivers. The cabinet is very easy, since it is small and sealed, so there are no issues with resonance and tuning to worry about.

What? A small, sealed box for a sub-woofer - that can't be right. Well, it is, and the principle is quite different from the conventional approach. When a loudspeaker is installed in a sealed box (or any box, for that matter), it will have a resonant frequency that is higher than in free air. The smaller the box, the higher the resonant frequency will be.

With the EAS approach, the idea is to operate the speaker below resonance, where all the impedance peaks have been left behind in the upper frequencies, leaving a very predictable performance driver to handle the low frequency range. With some experimentation, I determined that a 55 litre box was ideal (it turned out to be 60 litres without the speaker, so with the speaker installed it is about right) for the driver I have, a 4 Ohm, 250W 380mm monster, with a free air resonant frequency of 18Hz. In the small box, this is increased to 63Hz, and this defines the maximum frequency of operation. Resonance probably should have been a little higher, but it manages to sound right, so I shall not worry too much.

Below resonance, a loudspeaker in a sealed box has a response that falls at 12dB / octave, so a means is required to provide an amplifier drive signal that increases at the same rate. A very common circuit in electronics is an integrator, and these are used in many signal processing applications. An integrator has a frequency response that falls at 6dB / octave from DC, extending as far as one wishes. By using two integrators, we obtain a response that falls at 12dB / octave, and by adding resistors, we can cause the response to shelve at any frequency we select. By including capacitors, we can create a high pass filter, so that response to DC is not possible (and nor is it desirable - but more on this later).
NOTE It appears that for reasons that are a complete mystery to me (and others), the ELFTM process is patented. Since the basic theory is public domain, and has been discussed by others [3], [4], at some length, it is doubtful that a patent challenge would stand up in a court, however I must warn you of this. In theory, the construction of this project is possibly a violation of patent, however for individual use it is impossible to enforce. Commercial production is a different matter, but no-one would do this without my consent anywa
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
IntroductionSub woofers are very popular, with home theatre being one of the driving forces. However, a good sub adds considerably to normal hi-fi program material, and especially so if it is predictable and has good response characteristics.The majority of sub woofers use a large speaker driver in a large box, with tuning vents and all the difficulties (and vagaries) that conventional operation entails. By conventional, I mean that the speaker and cabinet are operated as a resonant system, using the Thiele-Small parameters to obtain a box which will (if everything works as it should) provide excellent performance.PhotoPhoto of Completed PrototypeThe principle of Extended Low FrequencyTM(or ELFTM) [1] is surprisingly uncommon, with one manufacturer that I have found using it in their subs [2]. I suspect there is one other, but I am not certain that the same method is used - although the principle is the same. Since ELF is trademarked, I will not be using the term in this project, but will refer to my version as Electronically Assisted Subwoofer (EAS). I briefly thought about Electronic Subwoofer Principle (ESP) but decided that would be sillyThe basic principles were discovered by Edward Long and Ronald Wickersham (although there is a possibility that others have used similar principles beforehand, there is little available literature), and they both point out that there are some major problems in the reproduction of low bass, highlighting the fact that the bass is the foundation upon which the sound image is created, and that the phase response of ported enclosures can cause "smearing" of the sound in the time domain. I don't know about "smearing", but I do know that my prototype provides bass that is deeper and tighter than anything I have heard before. Ported enclosures definitely cause problems with the sound, as the reproduction mechanism relies on two resonant systems, and it takes time for the sound to build up and decay.Siegfried Linkwitz [3] developed a circuit that equalises the bottom end of the system, but does not affect the higher frequencies. This is shown and described fully in Project 71, and must be used with a crossover. Although it offers several advantages over the EAS system described here, it is also much more reliant on your detailed knowledge of the loudspeaker driver parameters.The electronics to perform the necessary processing are easy to build, with the only hard part being a suitably high powered amplifier, and the correct choice of loudspeaker drivers. The cabinet is very easy, since it is small and sealed, so there are no issues with resonance and tuning to worry about.What? A small, sealed box for a sub-woofer - that can't be right. Well, it is, and the principle is quite different from the conventional approach. When a loudspeaker is installed in a sealed box (or any box, for that matter), it will have a resonant frequency that is higher than in free air. The smaller the box, the higher the resonant frequency will be.With the EAS approach, the idea is to operate the speaker below resonance, where all the impedance peaks have been left behind in the upper frequencies, leaving a very predictable performance driver to handle the low frequency range. With some experimentation, I determined that a 55 litre box was ideal (it turned out to be 60 litres without the speaker, so with the speaker installed it is about right) for the driver I have, a 4 Ohm, 250W 380mm monster, with a free air resonant frequency of 18Hz. In the small box, this is increased to 63Hz, and this defines the maximum frequency of operation. Resonance probably should have been a little higher, but it manages to sound right, so I shall not worry too much.Below resonance, a loudspeaker in a sealed box has a response that falls at 12dB / octave, so a means is required to provide an amplifier drive signal that increases at the same rate. A very common circuit in electronics is an integrator, and these are used in many signal processing applications. An integrator has a frequency response that falls at 6dB / octave from DC, extending as far as one wishes. By using two integrators, we obtain a response that falls at 12dB / octave, and by adding resistors, we can cause the response to shelve at any frequency we select. By including capacitors, we can create a high pass filter, so that response to DC is not possible (and nor is it desirable - but more on this later).NOTE It appears that for reasons that are a complete mystery to me (and others), the ELFTM process is patented. Since the basic theory is public domain, and has been discussed by others [3], [4], at some length, it is doubtful that a patent challenge would stand up in a court, however I must warn you of this. In theory, the construction of this project is possibly a violation of patent, however for individual use it is impossible to enforce. Commercial production is a different matter, but no-one would do this without my consent anywa
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
Pendahuluan

Sub woofer sangat populer, dengan home theater menjadi salah satu kekuatan pendorong. Namun, sub baik cukup untuk menambah materi program hi-fi normal, dan terutama jadi jika diprediksi dan memiliki karakteristik respon yang baik.

Mayoritas sub woofer menggunakan driver speaker besar dalam sebuah kotak besar, dengan ventilasi tuning dan semua kesulitan (dan liku-liku) bahwa operasi konvensional memerlukan. Dengan konvensional, saya berarti bahwa pembicara dan kabinet dioperasikan sebagai sistem resonansi, menggunakan parameter Thiele-Kecil untuk mendapatkan kotak yang akan (jika semuanya berjalan seperti seharusnya) memberikan kinerja yang sangat baik.
Foto
Foto Selesai Prototipe

Prinsip Extended FrequencyTM rendah (atau ELFTM) [1] adalah mengejutkan jarang, dengan salah satu produsen yang saya temukan menggunakannya dalam kapal selam mereka [2]. Saya menduga ada satu lain, tapi saya tidak yakin bahwa metode yang sama digunakan - meskipun prinsipnya adalah sama. Sejak ELF adalah merek dagang, saya tidak akan menggunakan istilah dalam proyek ini, tetapi akan merujuk ke versi saya sebagai elektronik Assisted Subwoofer (EAS). Secara singkat saya berpikir tentang Electronic Subwoofer Prinsip (ESP) tapi memutuskan bahwa akan konyol

Prinsip-prinsip dasar yang ditemukan oleh Edward panjang dan Ronald Wickersham (meskipun ada kemungkinan bahwa orang lain telah menggunakan prinsip yang sama sebelumnya, ada sedikit literatur yang tersedia), dan mereka kedua menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa masalah utama dalam reproduksi bass rendah, menyoroti fakta bahwa bass adalah fondasi yang gambar suara dibuat, dan bahwa respon fase kandang porting dapat menyebabkan "mengolesi" suara di waktu domain. Saya tidak tahu tentang "mengolesi", tapi aku tahu bahwa prototipe saya memberikan bass yang lebih dalam dan lebih ketat dari apa yang saya dengar sebelumnya. Kandang porting pasti menyebabkan masalah dengan suara, sebagai mekanisme reproduksi bergantung pada dua sistem resonansi, dan dibutuhkan waktu untuk suara untuk membangun dan pembusukan.

Siegfried Linkwitz [3] mengembangkan sirkuit yang equalises bagian bawah akhir dari sistem, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi frekuensi yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dan dijelaskan secara penuh dalam proyek 71, dan harus digunakan dengan crossover. Meskipun menawarkan beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan sistem EAS dijelaskan di sini, itu juga jauh lebih bergantung pada pengetahuan rinci dari parameter driver loudspeaker.

The elektronik untuk melakukan pengolahan diperlukan mudah untuk membangun, dengan satu-satunya bagian yang sulit menjadi sesuai bertenaga tinggi amplifier, dan pilihan yang benar driver loudspeaker. Kabinet sangat mudah, karena kecil dan disegel, jadi tidak ada masalah dengan resonansi dan tuning perlu khawatir.

Apa? Sebuah kecil, kotak disegel untuk sub-woofer - yang tidak benar. Nah, itu, dan prinsip sangat berbeda dari pendekatan konvensional. Ketika loudspeaker dipasang dalam kotak tertutup (atau kotak apapun, dalam hal ini), akan memiliki frekuensi resonansi yang lebih tinggi daripada di udara bebas. Semakin kecil kotak, semakin tinggi frekuensi resonansi akan.

Dengan pendekatan EAS, idenya adalah untuk mengoperasikan speaker bawah resonansi, di mana semua puncak impedansi telah ditinggalkan di frekuensi atas, meninggalkan sopir kinerja yang sangat diprediksi untuk menangani rentang frekuensi rendah. Dengan beberapa eksperimen, saya memutuskan bahwa kotak 55 liter ideal (ternyata menjadi 60 liter tanpa speaker, sehingga dengan speaker yang terpasang itu adalah tentang benar) untuk pengemudi yang saya miliki, 4 Ohm, 250W 380mm rakasa, dengan udara frekuensi resonansi gratis 18Hz. Pada kotak kecil, ini meningkat menjadi 63Hz, dan ini mendefinisikan frekuensi maksimum operasi. Resonansi mungkin seharusnya sedikit lebih tinggi, tapi itu berhasil terdengar benar, jadi saya tidak akan terlalu khawatir.

Di bawah resonansi, pengeras suara dalam kotak tertutup memiliki respon yang jatuh pada 12dB / oktaf, sehingga sarana yang diperlukan untuk memberikan sinyal penguat drive yang meningkat pada tingkat yang sama. Sebuah rangkaian yang sangat umum dalam elektronik adalah integrator, dan ini digunakan dalam banyak aplikasi pemrosesan sinyal. Integrator memiliki respon frekuensi yang jatuh di 6dB / oktaf dari DC, memanjang sejauh satu keinginan. Dengan menggunakan dua integrator, kami mendapatkan respon yang jatuh pada 12dB / oktaf, dan dengan menambahkan resistor, kita dapat menyebabkan respon untuk mengesampingkan setiap frekuensi yang kita pilih. Dengan termasuk kapasitor, kita dapat membuat pass filter tinggi, sehingga respon terhadap DC tidak mungkin (dan juga bukan diinginkan - tetapi lebih tentang ini nanti).
CATATAN Tampaknya untuk alasan yang merupakan misteri bagi saya (dan lain-lain ), proses ELFTM dipatenkan. Karena teori dasar adalah domain publik, dan telah dibahas oleh orang lain [3], [4], di beberapa panjang, diragukan bahwa tantangan paten akan berdiri di pengadilan, namun saya harus memperingatkan Anda tentang ini. Secara teori, pembangunan proyek ini mungkin pelanggaran paten, namun untuk penggunaan individu tidak mungkin untuk menegakkan. Produksi komersial adalah hal yang berbeda, tetapi tidak ada seorang pun akan melakukan hal ini tanpa persetujuan saya anywa
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: