Underwater archaeological excavatio

Underwater archaeological excavation is very similar to traditional land archaeology. We use similar tools but usually the plastic version of the tool so that it does not fall apart in the salt water. The archaeological goal of excavating materials in a controlled fashion where the original location of each object or artifact can be recorded and analyzed later is the same wherever you dig. The methods employed as we work underwater are slightly different because of the environment and the need for some different tools.

Most “tools of the trade” used on terrestrial archaeological digs are used underwater in our excavations as well. Hand trowels, square units, clipboards, pencils, tape measures, and other hand tools are all used underwater to excavate sites as they are used on land. However, rather than shovel dirt into a bucket or wheelbarrow and bringing it to a fine screen to shake it, or wash it with water to remove the dirt, we use a 100ft hose connected to a large dredge engine with a pump that moves 600 gallons of water a minute to suck the seafloor sediments like a giant vacuum cleaner. The dredge tube brings the sediments from the bottom and deposits them on our 8 by 12 foot floating screen deck that has mesh as fine as 1/16th of an inch to catch even the smallest of artifacts or bone fragments.

Getting together the archaeologists with proper dive training and experience and all of the necessary underwater tools is very hard compared to typical land excavations. Most people are rather surprised to hear that it is actually easier to excavate underwater than on land once all of the preparations have been made. Underwater, we can float over the site and move in very close to any part of our excavation without actually ever touching it. Also, when used properly, the dredge can be used to move mountains of dirt or layers as thin as a single grain of sand depending on what is needed at that moment.

Organic material such as bone, plant fibers, seeds, branches, and an incredibly array of perishable technology is often better preserved underwater than it is on land. Well buried and undisturbed underwater sites provide very stable conditions which aid in preservation much like being in a very dry cave in some portions of the American Southwest. However, wet organic materials are very sensitive to light, movement, and chemical changes (such as being moved from salt to fresh water too quickly). Part of our excavation process includes being ready to stabilize and conserve materials in the field that are rarely found in dry sites. Typically, organic materials are brought to the surface and stabilized as soon as possible. This is doubly important if we hope to directly date the object with a radiocarbon assay. Ideally you do not want a specimen to be handled very much because of the movement and potential for exposure to chemicals in the air. Further, once the item is secured in water that will be stable often we will refrigerate it to prevent any further deterioration occurring.

Underwater archaeological work is similar to terrestrial excavation in many respects but requires the use of additional techniques and methods, particularly when sensitive organic materials are found that require special handling techniques and processing methods. The goals of archaeology remain the same wherever Paleoindian fieldwork is conducted- namely, we wish to learn more about our shared human past and how, and when, and where, people came to the New World and survived in a rapidly changing environment at the end of the Pleistocene.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Underwater archaeological excavation is very similar to traditional land archaeology. We use similar tools but usually the plastic version of the tool so that it does not fall apart in the salt water. The archaeological goal of excavating materials in a controlled fashion where the original location of each object or artifact can be recorded and analyzed later is the same wherever you dig. The methods employed as we work underwater are slightly different because of the environment and the need for some different tools.Most “tools of the trade” used on terrestrial archaeological digs are used underwater in our excavations as well. Hand trowels, square units, clipboards, pencils, tape measures, and other hand tools are all used underwater to excavate sites as they are used on land. However, rather than shovel dirt into a bucket or wheelbarrow and bringing it to a fine screen to shake it, or wash it with water to remove the dirt, we use a 100ft hose connected to a large dredge engine with a pump that moves 600 gallons of water a minute to suck the seafloor sediments like a giant vacuum cleaner. The dredge tube brings the sediments from the bottom and deposits them on our 8 by 12 foot floating screen deck that has mesh as fine as 1/16th of an inch to catch even the smallest of artifacts or bone fragments.Getting together the archaeologists with proper dive training and experience and all of the necessary underwater tools is very hard compared to typical land excavations. Most people are rather surprised to hear that it is actually easier to excavate underwater than on land once all of the preparations have been made. Underwater, we can float over the site and move in very close to any part of our excavation without actually ever touching it. Also, when used properly, the dredge can be used to move mountains of dirt or layers as thin as a single grain of sand depending on what is needed at that moment.Organic material such as bone, plant fibers, seeds, branches, and an incredibly array of perishable technology is often better preserved underwater than it is on land. Well buried and undisturbed underwater sites provide very stable conditions which aid in preservation much like being in a very dry cave in some portions of the American Southwest. However, wet organic materials are very sensitive to light, movement, and chemical changes (such as being moved from salt to fresh water too quickly). Part of our excavation process includes being ready to stabilize and conserve materials in the field that are rarely found in dry sites. Typically, organic materials are brought to the surface and stabilized as soon as possible. This is doubly important if we hope to directly date the object with a radiocarbon assay. Ideally you do not want a specimen to be handled very much because of the movement and potential for exposure to chemicals in the air. Further, once the item is secured in water that will be stable often we will refrigerate it to prevent any further deterioration occurring.Underwater arkeologi mirip terestrial penggalian dalam banyak hal tetapi memerlukan penggunaan tambahan teknik dan metode, terutama ketika bahan-bahan organik yang sensitif ditemukan yang memerlukan penanganan khusus teknik dan metode pengolahan. Tujuan dari arkeologi tetap sama manapun Paleoindian Lapangan dilakukan - yaitu, kami ingin belajar lebih banyak tentang manusia bersama kami masa lalu dan bagaimana, Kapan, dan mana, orang-orang datang ke dunia baru dan bertahan dalam lingkungan yang berubah dengan cepat di akhir Pleistosen.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Penggalian arkeologi bawah air sangat mirip dengan arkeologi tanah tradisional. Kami menggunakan alat serupa tetapi biasanya versi plastik alat sehingga tidak berantakan di air garam. Tujuan arkeologi menggali bahan secara terkendali di mana lokasi asli dari setiap objek atau artefak dapat direkam dan dianalisis kemudian adalah sama di mana pun Anda menggali. Metode yang digunakan seperti kita bekerja di bawah air yang sedikit berbeda karena lingkungan dan kebutuhan untuk beberapa alat yang berbeda. Sebagian "alat perdagangan" digunakan pada penggalian arkeologi terestrial yang digunakan di bawah air dalam penggalian kami juga. Kulir tangan, unit persegi, clipboard, pensil, pita pengukur, dan alat-alat lain pihak semua digunakan di bawah air untuk menggali situs seperti yang digunakan di darat. Namun, bukan sekop kotoran ke dalam ember atau gerobak dan membawanya ke layar baik untuk kocok, atau cuci dengan air untuk menghilangkan kotoran, kita menggunakan selang 100ft terhubung ke mesin mengeruk besar dengan pompa yang bergerak 600 galon air menit untuk menyedot sedimen dasar laut seperti vacuum cleaner raksasa. Tabung mengeruk membawa sedimen dari bawah dan deposit mereka pada 8 dengan 12 kaki kita mengambang layar dek yang telah mesh baik sebagai 1/16 inci untuk menangkap bahkan terkecil artefak atau fragmen tulang. Mendapatkan bersama arkeolog dengan tepat pelatihan menyelam dan pengalaman dan semua alat yang diperlukan adalah bawah laut sangat sulit dibandingkan dengan penggalian tanah yang khas. Kebanyakan orang agak terkejut mendengar bahwa sebenarnya lebih mudah untuk menggali bawah air daripada di darat setelah semua persiapan telah dilakukan. Underwater, kita bisa mengapung di atas situs dan bergerak sangat dekat dengan setiap bagian dari penggalian kami tanpa benar-benar pernah menyentuhnya. Juga, ketika digunakan dengan benar, mengeruk dapat digunakan untuk memindahkan gunung dari kotoran atau lapisan setipis sebutir pasir tergantung pada apa yang dibutuhkan pada saat itu. bahan organik seperti tulang, serat tanaman, biji, cabang, dan sangat array teknologi tahan lama sering lebih baik diawetkan bawah air daripada di darat. Nah dikuburkan dan situs bawah air tidak terganggu memberikan kondisi sangat stabil yang membantu dalam pelestarian banyak seperti berada di sebuah gua yang sangat kering di beberapa bagian dari Southwest Amerika. Namun, bahan organik basah yang sangat sensitif terhadap cahaya, gerakan, dan perubahan kimia (seperti yang pindah dari garam air tawar terlalu cepat). Bagian dari proses penggalian kami termasuk yang siap untuk menstabilkan dan melestarikan bahan di lapangan yang jarang ditemukan di situs kering. Biasanya, bahan organik yang dibawa ke permukaan dan stabil sesegera mungkin. Hal ini sangatlah penting jika kita berharap untuk langsung tanggal objek dengan uji radiokarbon. Idealnya Anda tidak ingin spesimen ditangani sangat banyak karena gerakan dan potensi paparan bahan kimia di udara. Selanjutnya, setelah item dijamin dalam air yang akan stabil sering kita akan mendinginkan itu untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut terjadi. pekerjaan arkeologi bawah air mirip dengan penggalian terestrial dalam banyak hal tetapi membutuhkan penggunaan teknik dan metode tambahan, terutama ketika sensitif organik bahan yang ditemukan yang memerlukan teknik penanganan khusus dan metode pengolahan. Tujuan arkeologi tetap sama di mana pun Paleoindian lapangan yang conducted- yaitu, kita ingin mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang masa lalu kita bersama manusia dan bagaimana, dan kapan, dan di mana, orang-orang datang ke Dunia Baru dan bertahan di lingkungan yang cepat berubah di akhir Pleistosen.