2.1.3. An evolution in the design of controlGiven the frequent shortco terjemahan - 2.1.3. An evolution in the design of controlGiven the frequent shortco Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

2.1.3. An evolution in the design o

2.1.3. An evolution in the design of control
Given the frequent shortcomings of these cybernetic
controls, Hofstede (1981) describes the characteristics of
non-cybernetic controls as an opportunity for both public
and private organizations. Though there is no doubt about
the usefulness of cybernetic forms of control, informal
management tools can go further, complementing rather
than replacing traditional control.
Similarly, Bouquin (1997) sees management accounting
as a process that encourages behaviours insofar as it is
not only an instrument designed to assist managers in
the decision-making process but also, more generally, a
tool enabling all operators in the organization to detect
and exploit sources of competitiveness. Lorino (1995) contrasts the basic principles of traditional control with
new systems which, in his view, would be better tailored
to the new environment. Among other things, this means
taking into account not only costs, but also value, coping
with change, not stability and ensuring continuously that
actions and behaviours are in keeping with the organization’s
objectives (strategic management). Burlaud (1990)
tries to classify control systems in complex organizations.
For him, there are two kinds of control: “hard” control and
“soft” control. The former puts the premium on calculating
administrative expenses and overheads whereas the latter
focuses on the behaviours of the organization’s workforce
and recommends indirect use of cost controls. The connection
between management control and behavioural
control is made through language, “a vehicle for culture and
a system of integration that involves a value system and thus
favours particular behaviours” (Burlaud and Malo, 1988).
For Dupuy and Guibert (1995), the notion of trust appears
to strike a balance between formal and informal control.
Whatever the approach, the field of management control
remains relatively open. That is why we would rather
use the term control which covers management control,
yet goes much further. Kloot (1997) extended the notion of
control since management control systems are perceived
as sets of control mechanisms, each of which is intended to
perform part of the control, therefore including more than
accounting and budgeting systems and coming up with a
new purpose centred on organizational learning.
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2.1.3. An evolution in the design of controlGiven the frequent shortcomings of these cyberneticcontrols, Hofstede (1981) describes the characteristics ofnon-cybernetic controls as an opportunity for both publicand private organizations. Though there is no doubt aboutthe usefulness of cybernetic forms of control, informalmanagement tools can go further, complementing ratherthan replacing traditional control.Similarly, Bouquin (1997) sees management accountingas a process that encourages behaviours insofar as it isnot only an instrument designed to assist managers inthe decision-making process but also, more generally, atool enabling all operators in the organization to detectand exploit sources of competitiveness. Lorino (1995) contrasts the basic principles of traditional control withnew systems which, in his view, would be better tailoredto the new environment. Among other things, this meanstaking into account not only costs, but also value, copingwith change, not stability and ensuring continuously thatactions and behaviours are in keeping with the organization’sobjectives (strategic management). Burlaud (1990)tries to classify control systems in complex organizations.For him, there are two kinds of control: “hard” control and“soft” control. The former puts the premium on calculatingadministrative expenses and overheads whereas the latterfocuses on the behaviours of the organization’s workforceand recommends indirect use of cost controls. The connectionbetween management control and behaviouralcontrol is made through language, “a vehicle for culture anda system of integration that involves a value system and thusfavours particular behaviours” (Burlaud and Malo, 1988).For Dupuy and Guibert (1995), the notion of trust appearsto strike a balance between formal and informal control.Whatever the approach, the field of management controlremains relatively open. That is why we would ratheruse the term control which covers management control,yet goes much further. Kloot (1997) extended the notion ofcontrol since management control systems are perceivedas sets of control mechanisms, each of which is intended toperform part of the control, therefore including more thanaccounting and budgeting systems and coming up with anew purpose centred on organizational learning.
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2.1.3. Sebuah evolusi dalam desain kontrol
Mengingat kekurangan sering ini cybernetic
kontrol, Hofstede (1981) menggambarkan karakteristik dari
kontrol non-cybernetic sebagai kesempatan bagi publik
organisasi dan pribadi. Meskipun tidak ada keraguan tentang
kegunaan bentuk cybernetic kontrol, informal
alat manajemen dapat pergi lebih jauh, melengkapi dan bukan
dari menggantikan kontrol tradisional.
Demikian pula, Bouquin (1997) melihat akuntansi manajemen
sebagai suatu proses yang mendorong perilaku sejauh ini
tidak hanya instrumen dirancang untuk membantu manajer dalam
proses pengambilan keputusan, tetapi juga, lebih umum, sebuah
alat yang memungkinkan semua operator dalam organisasi untuk mendeteksi
dan mengeksploitasi sumber daya saing. Lorino (1995) kontras prinsip-prinsip dasar kontrol tradisional dengan
sistem baru yang, dalam pandangannya, akan lebih baik disesuaikan
dengan lingkungan baru. Antara lain, ini berarti
memperhitungkan tidak hanya biaya, tetapi juga nilai, mengatasi
perubahan, bukan stabilitas dan memastikan terus bahwa
tindakan dan perilaku yang sesuai dengan organisasi
tujuan (manajemen strategis). Burlaud (1990)
mencoba untuk mengklasifikasikan sistem kontrol dalam organisasi yang kompleks.
Baginya, ada dua jenis kontrol: "keras" kontrol dan
"lunak" kontrol. Mantan menempatkan premi pada perhitungan
biaya administrasi dan biaya sedangkan yang terakhir
berfokus pada perilaku tenaga kerja organisasi
dan merekomendasikan penggunaan tidak langsung dari pengendalian biaya. Koneksi
antara pengendalian manajemen dan perilaku
pengendalian dilakukan melalui bahasa, "kendaraan untuk budaya dan
sistem integrasi yang melibatkan sistem nilai dan dengan demikian
nikmat perilaku tertentu" (Burlaud dan Malo, 1988).
Untuk Dupuy dan Guibert (1995), gagasan kepercayaan muncul
keseimbangan antara kontrol formal dan informal.
Apapun pendekatan, bidang pengendalian manajemen
masih relatif terbuka. Itulah sebabnya kami lebih suka
menggunakan kontrol jangka yang meliputi pengendalian manajemen,
namun lebih jauh lagi. Kloot (1997) diperpanjang gagasan
kontrol sejak sistem kontrol manajemen dianggap
sebagai set mekanisme kontrol, yang masing-masing dimaksudkan untuk
melakukan bagian dari kontrol, karena itu termasuk lebih dari
sistem akuntansi dan penganggaran dan datang dengan
tujuan baru berpusat pada pembelajaran organisasi.
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