The Sources of Data12The data used

The Sources of Data12
The data used in empirical analysis may be collected by a governmental
agency (e.g., the Department of Commerce), an international agency (e.g., the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank), a private organization
(e.g., the Standard&Poor’s Corporation), or an individual. Literally, there
are thousands of such agencies collecting data for one purpose or another.
The Internet The Internet has literally revolutionized data gathering. If
you just “surf the net” with a keyword (e.g., exchange rates), you will be
swamped with all kinds of data sources. In Appendix E we provide some of
the frequently visited web sites that provide economic and financial data of
all sorts. Most of the data can be downloaded without much cost. You may
want to bookmark the various web sites that might provide you with useful
economic data.
The data collected by various agencies may be experimental or nonexperimental.
In experimental data, often collected in the natural sciences,
the investigator may want to collect data while holding certain factors constant
in order to assess the impact of some factors on a given phenomenon.
For instance, in assessing the impact of obesity on blood pressure, the researcher
would want to collect data while holding constant the eating, smoking,
and drinking habits of the people in order to minimize the influence of
these variables on blood pressure.
In the social sciences, the data that one generally encounters are nonexperimental
in nature, that is, not subject to the control of the researcher.13 For
example, the data on GNP, unemployment, stock prices, etc., are not directly
under the control of the investigator. As we shall see, this lack of control often
creates special problems for the researcher in pinning down the exact cause
or causes affecting a particular situation. For example, is it the money supply
that determines the (nominal) GDP or is it the other way round?

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Sumber Data12Data yang digunakan dalam analisis empiris dapat dikumpulkan oleh pemerintahagen (misalnya, Departemen Perdagangan), sebuah badan internasional (misalnya,Dana Moneter Internasional (IMF) atau Bank Dunia), organisasi swasta(misalnya, Standard & Poor's Corporation), atau individu. Secara harfiah, tidakadalah ribuan lembaga seperti mengumpulkan data untuk satu tujuan atau lainnya.Internet Internet telah benar-benar merevolusi pengumpulan data. JikaAnda hanya "surfing the net" dengan kata kunci (misalnya, nilai tukar), Anda akandibanjiri dengan semua jenis sumber data. Lampiran e kami menyediakan beberapasering mengunjungi situs web yang menyediakan data ekonomi dan keuangansegala macam. Sebagian data yang dapat didownload tanpa banyak biaya. Anda mungkiningin menandai berbagai situs web yang mungkin menyediakan Anda dengan bergunadata ekonomi.Data yang dikumpulkan oleh berbagai lembaga mungkin eksperimental atau nonexperimental.Dalam data eksperimen, sering dikumpulkan dalam ilmu alam,para penyelidik mungkin ingin mengumpulkan data sambil memegang konstan faktor-faktor tertentuuntuk menilai dampak dari beberapa faktor pada fenomena yang diberikan.Sebagai contoh, dalam menilai dampak obesitas pada tekanan darah, penelitiingin mengumpulkan data sambil memegang konstan makan, Merokok,dan minum kebiasaan orang untuk meminimalkan pengaruhVariabel ini pada tekanan darah.In the social sciences, the data that one generally encounters are nonexperimentalin nature, that is, not subject to the control of the researcher.13 Forexample, the data on GNP, unemployment, stock prices, etc., are not directlyunder the control of the investigator. As we shall see, this lack of control oftencreates special problems for the researcher in pinning down the exact causeor causes affecting a particular situation. For example, is it the money supplythat determines the (nominal) GDP or is it the other way round?