The higher mean THQ scores for the

The higher mean THQ scores for the Australian sample
probably reflects the fact that the sample was selected
explicitly on the basis of the experience of tinnitusrelated distress. The US sample consisted of tinnitus
patients who attended otolaryngology, veterans, and
university clinics but were not assessed independently
as being distressed by their tinnitus. The Australian
sample consisted of tinnitus sufferers drawn from an
outpatient veterans hospital and media advertisement
and were selected for inclusion in the present study on
the basis of their demonstration of a significant level of
distress associated with tinnitus (i.e., score > 17 on
TRQ). Both studies reported similar findings with regard to internal consistency, though the range for itemtotal correlations was slightly lower in the Australian
study. Low and nonsignificant correlations were found
between the THQ and both loudness match and MML
measures, supporting other research that has shown little relationship between audiological and psychological
measures [13,14].
Overall, these results indicate that the factors that affect psychological effects of tinnitus are independent of
its psychoacoustic qualities, consistent with the cognitive theory of emotional distress [15]. Moderate correlations between the THQ and measures of depressive
symptomatology are reported by the US and Australian
studies, further supporting the association between tinnitus-related difficulties and depressive symptomatology [16,17].
Investigation of the factor structure of the THQ revealed three factors that were interpreted as (1) emotional, social and, physical effects of tinnitus; (2) effects on hearing acuity and communication; and (3) the individual's appraisal of tinnitus. These factors are similar to the three factors reported in the original investigation by Kuk et al. [2], although containing some slight
differences in the items that loaded on the various factors. Despite these differences, the three factors in our
study accounted for a similar amount of the variance as
seen in the three factors in the original investigation.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Semakin tinggi skor THQ rata-rata untuk sampel Australia
mungkin mencerminkan fakta bahwa sampel dipilih
secara eksplisit atas dasar pengalaman penderitaan tinnitusrelated. Sampel AS terdiri dari tinnitus
pasien yang hadir THT, veteran, dan
klinik universitas tapi tidak dinilai secara independen
sebagai yang tertekan oleh tinnitus mereka. Australia
sampel terdiri dari penderita tinnitus diambil dari
veteran rawat jalan rumah sakit dan media iklan
dan dipilih untuk dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini pada
dasar demonstrasi mereka dari tingkat signifikan
distress terkait dengan tinnitus (yaitu, skor> 17 pada
TRQ). Kedua studi melaporkan temuan yang sama berkaitan dengan konsistensi internal, meskipun kisaran korelasi itemtotal sedikit lebih rendah di Australia
studi. Korelasi rendah dan tidak signifikan ditemukan
antara THQ dan kedua pertandingan kenyaringan dan MML
langkah-langkah, mendukung penelitian lainnya yang telah menunjukkan sedikit hubungan antara audiologi dan psikologis
tindakan [13,14].
Secara keseluruhan, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efek psikologis dari tinnitus independen terhadap
kualitas psychoacoustic nya, konsisten dengan teori kognitif gangguan emosi [15]. Korelasi moderat antara THQ dan langkah-langkah dari depresi
simtomatologi dilaporkan oleh AS dan Australia
studi, lanjut mendukung hubungan antara kesulitan-tinnitus terkait dan simtomatologi depresi [16,17].
Investigasi struktur faktor dari THQ mengungkapkan tiga faktor yang diartikan sebagai (1) emosional, dan sosial, efek fisik dari tinnitus; (2) efek mendengar ketajaman dan komunikasi; dan (3) penilaian individu dari tinnitus. Faktor-faktor ini mirip dengan tiga faktor yang dilaporkan dalam penyelidikan asli oleh Kuk dkk. [2], meskipun mengandung beberapa sedikit
perbedaan dalam item yang dimuat pada berbagai faktor. Meskipun perbedaan ini, tiga faktor di kami
studi menyumbang jumlah yang sama dari varians sebagai
terlihat pada tiga faktor dalam penyelidikan asli.