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This study shows that commitment reflects the degree of attachment and identification that the retailer has with the brand and has three influences. The first is overall satisfaction with the brand, the second is brand equity which is an important source of referent power in the manufacturer-retailer relationship, while the third, customer expectations, is negatively related to commitment. [14] Cannon and Perreault (1999) showed that supplier performance is a distinct construct from satisfaction, a finding confirmed by this study. The brand performance construct measures how well the brand meets the retailer's business expectations. The findings show that performance is affected more directly by the financial benefits of the manufacturer brand and less by retailer satisfaction with the brand.Managerial implicationsThe research challenges the view that the value of the manufacturers' brands to retailers is simply financial or transactional. Furthermore this study clarifies the nature of the "trade leverage" of a manufacturer's brand. The findings suggest that the "trade leverage" associated with the brand consists of four relevant business-to-business benefits to retailers. We show these four manufacturer's brand benefits affect both longer-term (satisfaction, trust and commitment) retailer evaluations as well as shorter-term performance within the store. The financial benefit attributable to the brand has the largest effect on retailer satisfaction with the brand, followed by customer expectations and then manufacturer support of the brand. Manufacturer brand support is less influential on satisfaction with the brand compared to the financial and customer expectation benefits.
Manufacturer brand marketing support not only includes advertising and trade promotion but also the manufacturer's role in building the product category for the mutual benefit of the channel. Key account managers tend to emphasise financial and marketing support benefits when dealing with retailers, but these results suggest that they should also focus on customer expectations which is an important consideration for retailers. The fourth benefit, customer-based brand equity, more strongly influences retailer commitment to the brand and is a weaker influence on satisfaction than the other brand benefits. By thinking of their brands as a channel resource, manufacturers could more effectively consider how to use such a resource to enhance retailer support.
For manufacturers, channel support is important in managing indirect channels and brands are a key part of that process ([5] Anderson and Narus, 2004). Channel support mediates the linkage between the marketing program and the end-customer, which affects brand performance ([42] Keller, 2003). These findings show this support is multifaceted and consists of retailer satisfaction with the brand which builds retailer commitment and trust of the brand and influences the assessment of brand performance.
The results suggest that brand channel decisions including store promotions and cooperative advertising should not be left to key account management ([62] Webster, 2000). Brand managers need to consider how financial benefits, brand support and customer expectations can enhance channel support as much customer brand decision making occurs at point of purchase ([13] Buchanan et al. , 1999). Furthermore these brand benefits enhance trust in the manufacturer. Manufacturers should remember that although brand equity does not influence retailer satisfaction with the brand, it has a useful role in maintaining retailer commitment in the longer term. Retailer commitment towards a brand shows the brand's role as a relationship builder and may be crucial to the manufacturer when retailers review range assortments, shelf layouts and delisting decisions ([18] Davies, 1994).
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