It’s human nature to want other people to think well of us. And indeed terjemahan - It’s human nature to want other people to think well of us. And indeed Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

It’s human nature to want other peo

It’s human nature to want other people to think well of us. And indeed we are often called upon to put our best foot forward—highlighting our accomplishments and character traits in job interviews and on first dates. So we get a lot of practice in effective self-presentation.
Then why are so many people annoying?
The simple answer is that, despite all our natural inclination and practice, much of our self-presentation backfires. And it backfires because we too often misunderstand the tradeoff between self-promotion—blowing our own horn—and humility. The fact is that modesty, or even self-effacement, can be more effective than bragging in creating a good first impression. Most of us know this from being on the receiving end, yet we still err on the side of self-aggrandizement.
But why do we get it wrong so much of the time? Here’s where some new research may be illuminating. Psychological scientist Irene Scopelliti of City University London and her colleagues believe that this common but harmful behavior is really a failure of emotional perspective taking. Emotional perspective taking requires predicting how somebody else will respond to your situation—putting yourself in their shoes and adjusting for what you see.
But bridging this so-called “empathy gap” is very difficult, and we often fail at it. We assume that others share in our emotions, and thus underestimate the real difference between our emotions and the emotions of others. So we talk openly about our achievements and successes—we brag—because we genuinely believe that others share our joy and pride in those accomplishments. When they don’t—and they often don’t—our self-presentation fails. We are annoying.
At least that’s the hypothesis that Scopelliti and her colleagues decided to test in a few experiments. They wanted to see if self-promoters overestimate others’ positive reactions to them, and underestimate the negative. To test this, they asked a group of subjects to describe in detail an occasion when they bragged to someone about something. They were then asked to describe the emotions they had felt, and the emotions they believed the recipient had felt. Other subjects did the opposite, describing a time when someone had bragged to them. The scientists expected that self-promoters would be more likely than recipients to experience positive emotions, and that they would erroneously project those positive emotions on to the recipient.
And that’s just what they found. Self-promoters were more likely to report positive emotions, and much more likely to believe that recipients also felt positive emotions, when in fact they had not. Similarly, self-promoters were less likely to report negative emotions, and less likely to project negative emotions on to the recipient—when in fact that’s what the recipients felt. In other words, self-promoters’ judgments were egocentric. They were unable to fully adjust their perspective and imagine someone else being annoyed with their bragging.
The scientists wanted to double-check these results and investigate the empathy gap in a different way. So they again had subjects take the part of either the self-promoter or the recipient. They then asked the self-promoters to estimate the recipients’ experience of these discrete emotions: happiness, pride, jealousy, annoyance, anger, upset, and inferiority. The recipients rated themselves on these same emotions. The scientists then compared the two groups’ judgments, with some interesting results: First, self-promoters overestimated the extent to which recipients would feel happy for them and proud of them. And they way underestimated the extent to which others would find them annoying.
The scientists ran a final experiment to see if all this miscalibration has consequences. Specifically, they wanted to see if people who are trying to make a good impression tend to brag excessively, deluded by the belief that their self-promotion will work. And they did, as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science. When their goal—manipulated in the lab—was to be liked and judged as successful, subjects did engage in more self-promotion, but their efforts backfired. Indeed, the more they engaged in self-promotion, the less the others liked them—and the more they dismissed them as braggarts.
So self-promotion can be much more annoying than we think it is. But it may backfire for another reason as well. Others may also assume that braggarts aren’t holding anything back, so there is nothing positive left to discover. If, by contrast, someone is modest in self-presentation, and hints of good things dribble out, then others may assume that there is much—qualities, skills, character traits—that remain unrevealed
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It’s human nature to want other people to think well of us. And indeed we are often called upon to put our best foot forward—highlighting our accomplishments and character traits in job interviews and on first dates. So we get a lot of practice in effective self-presentation.Then why are so many people annoying?The simple answer is that, despite all our natural inclination and practice, much of our self-presentation backfires. And it backfires because we too often misunderstand the tradeoff between self-promotion—blowing our own horn—and humility. The fact is that modesty, or even self-effacement, can be more effective than bragging in creating a good first impression. Most of us know this from being on the receiving end, yet we still err on the side of self-aggrandizement.But why do we get it wrong so much of the time? Here’s where some new research may be illuminating. Psychological scientist Irene Scopelliti of City University London and her colleagues believe that this common but harmful behavior is really a failure of emotional perspective taking. Emotional perspective taking requires predicting how somebody else will respond to your situation—putting yourself in their shoes and adjusting for what you see.But bridging this so-called “empathy gap” is very difficult, and we often fail at it. We assume that others share in our emotions, and thus underestimate the real difference between our emotions and the emotions of others. So we talk openly about our achievements and successes—we brag—because we genuinely believe that others share our joy and pride in those accomplishments. When they don’t—and they often don’t—our self-presentation fails. We are annoying.At least that’s the hypothesis that Scopelliti and her colleagues decided to test in a few experiments. They wanted to see if self-promoters overestimate others’ positive reactions to them, and underestimate the negative. To test this, they asked a group of subjects to describe in detail an occasion when they bragged to someone about something. They were then asked to describe the emotions they had felt, and the emotions they believed the recipient had felt. Other subjects did the opposite, describing a time when someone had bragged to them. The scientists expected that self-promoters would be more likely than recipients to experience positive emotions, and that they would erroneously project those positive emotions on to the recipient.And that’s just what they found. Self-promoters were more likely to report positive emotions, and much more likely to believe that recipients also felt positive emotions, when in fact they had not. Similarly, self-promoters were less likely to report negative emotions, and less likely to project negative emotions on to the recipient—when in fact that’s what the recipients felt. In other words, self-promoters’ judgments were egocentric. They were unable to fully adjust their perspective and imagine someone else being annoyed with their bragging.The scientists wanted to double-check these results and investigate the empathy gap in a different way. So they again had subjects take the part of either the self-promoter or the recipient. They then asked the self-promoters to estimate the recipients’ experience of these discrete emotions: happiness, pride, jealousy, annoyance, anger, upset, and inferiority. The recipients rated themselves on these same emotions. The scientists then compared the two groups’ judgments, with some interesting results: First, self-promoters overestimated the extent to which recipients would feel happy for them and proud of them. And they way underestimated the extent to which others would find them annoying.The scientists ran a final experiment to see if all this miscalibration has consequences. Specifically, they wanted to see if people who are trying to make a good impression tend to brag excessively, deluded by the belief that their self-promotion will work. And they did, as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science. When their goal—manipulated in the lab—was to be liked and judged as successful, subjects did engage in more self-promotion, but their efforts backfired. Indeed, the more they engaged in self-promotion, the less the others liked them—and the more they dismissed them as braggarts.So self-promotion can be much more annoying than we think it is. But it may backfire for another reason as well. Others may also assume that braggarts aren’t holding anything back, so there is nothing positive left to discover. If, by contrast, someone is modest in self-presentation, and hints of good things dribble out, then others may assume that there is much—qualities, skills, character traits—that remain unrevealed
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Ini sifat manusia untuk ingin orang lain berpikir baik dari kita. Dan memang kita sering diminta untuk meletakkan kaki terbaik ke depan menyoroti prestasi dan karakter dalam wawancara pekerjaan dan pada tanggal pertama. Jadi kita mendapatkan banyak latihan di efektif presentasi diri.
Lalu mengapa begitu banyak orang yang mengganggu?
Jawaban yang sederhana adalah bahwa, meskipun semua kecenderungan alami kita dan praktek, banyak presentasi diri kita menjadi bumerang. Dan itu menjadi bumerang karena kita terlalu sering salah paham tradeoff antara promosi diri-meniup tanduk-dan kita sendiri kerendahan hati. Faktanya adalah bahwa kerendahan hati, atau bahkan penghapusan diri, bisa lebih efektif daripada membual dalam menciptakan kesan pertama yang baik. Sebagian besar dari kita tahu ini dari berada di sisi penerima, namun kita masih berbuat salah di sisi membesarkan diri.
Tapi mengapa kita mendapatkan salah begitu banyak waktu? Di sinilah beberapa penelitian baru dapat menerangi. Ilmuwan psikologi Irene Scopelliti dari City University London dan rekan-rekannya percaya bahwa perilaku umum tetapi berbahaya ini benar-benar kegagalan emosional perspektif taking. Perspektif emosional mengambil membutuhkan memprediksi bagaimana orang lain akan menanggapi situasi-menempatkan diri Anda pada posisi mereka dan menyesuaikan untuk apa yang Anda lihat. Anda
Tapi menjembatani apa yang disebut "empati gap" sangat sulit, dan kami sering gagal dalam hal itu. Kami berasumsi bahwa orang lain berbagi dalam emosi kita, dan dengan demikian meremehkan perbedaan nyata antara emosi dan emosi orang lain. Jadi kita berbicara secara terbuka tentang prestasi kami dan keberhasilan-kita membual-karena kita benar-benar percaya bahwa orang lain berbagi kebahagiaan dan kebanggaan kami pada mereka prestasi. Ketika mereka tidak-dan mereka sering tidak-kita presentasi diri gagal. Kami menjengkelkan.
Setidaknya itulah hipotesis bahwa Scopelliti dan rekan-rekannya memutuskan untuk menguji dalam beberapa eksperimen. Mereka ingin melihat apakah diri promotor melebih-lebihkan reaksi positif lain bagi mereka, dan meremehkan negatif. Untuk menguji ini, mereka meminta kelompok mata pelajaran untuk menjelaskan secara rinci kesempatan ketika mereka membual dengan seseorang tentang sesuatu. Mereka kemudian diminta untuk menggambarkan emosi mereka merasa, dan emosi mereka percaya penerima merasa. Pelajaran lainnya pun sebaliknya, menggambarkan saat seseorang telah membual kepada mereka. Para ilmuwan berharap bahwa diri-promotor akan lebih mungkin dibandingkan penerima mengalami emosi positif, dan bahwa mereka keliru akan memproyeksikan emosi positif ke penerima.
Dan itu hanya apa yang mereka temukan. Self-promotor lebih mungkin untuk melaporkan emosi positif, dan jauh lebih mungkin untuk percaya bahwa penerima juga merasa emosi positif, padahal sebenarnya mereka tidak. Demikian pula, self-promotor kurang mungkin untuk melaporkan emosi negatif, dan kecil kemungkinannya untuk proyek emosi negatif ke penerima-padahal sebenarnya itulah yang dirasakan penerima. Dengan kata lain, penilaian diri promotor 'yang egosentris. Mereka tidak dapat sepenuhnya menyesuaikan perspektif mereka dan membayangkan orang lain menjadi kesal dengan membual mereka.
Para ilmuwan ingin periksa hasil ini dan menyelidiki kesenjangan empati dengan cara yang berbeda. Jadi mereka lagi punya mata pelajaran mengambil bagian baik diri-promotor atau penerima. Mereka kemudian meminta-promotor diri untuk memperkirakan pengalaman penerima 'dari emosi diskrit: kebahagiaan, kebanggaan, kecemburuan, jengkel, marah, kesal, dan rendah diri. Para penerima dinilai diri pada emosi yang sama. Para ilmuwan kemudian dibandingkan penilaian kedua kelompok ', dengan beberapa hasil yang menarik: Pertama, self-promotor berlebihan sejauh mana penerima akan merasa senang untuk mereka dan bangga dengan mereka. Dan mereka cara meremehkan sejauh mana orang lain akan menemukan mereka mengganggu.
Para ilmuwan berlari percobaan terakhir untuk melihat apakah semua miscalibration ini memiliki konsekuensi. Secara khusus, mereka ingin melihat apakah orang-orang yang mencoba untuk membuat kesan yang baik cenderung membual berlebihan, diperdaya oleh keyakinan bahwa promosi diri mereka akan bekerja. Dan mereka lakukan, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam edisi mendatang jurnal Psychological Science. Ketika tujuan dimanipulasi dalam mereka lab-adalah untuk disukai dan dinilai berhasil, subjek tidak terlibat dalam lebih promosi diri, tapi usaha mereka menjadi bumerang. Memang, semakin mereka terlibat dalam promosi diri, semakin sedikit orang lain menyukai mereka-dan semakin mereka membubarkan mereka sebagai pembual.
Jadi promosi diri bisa jauh lebih menyebalkan daripada yang kita pikirkan. Tapi mungkin menjadi bumerang untuk alasan lain juga. Selain itu juga mungkin menganggap bahwa pembual tidak memegang apa-apa kembali, sehingga tidak ada yang positif tersisa untuk menemukan. Jika, sebaliknya, seseorang sederhana dalam presentasi diri, dan petunjuk dari hal-hal baik menggiring bola keluar, maka orang lain mungkin menganggap bahwa ada banyak-kualitas, keterampilan, karakter sifat-yang tetap tidak terungkap
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