Historyof Aircraft StructuresThe ke

Historyof Aircraft Structures
The key discovery that “lift” could be created by passingair over the top of a curved surface set the development of fixed and rotary-wing aircraft in motion. George Cayleydeveloped an efficient cambered airfoil in the early 1800s, as well as successful manned gliders later in that century. He established the principles of flight, including the existence of lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It was Cayley who first stacked wings and created a tri-wing glider that flew a man in 1853.Earlier, Cayley studied the center of gravity of flying machines, as well as the effects of wing dihedral. Furthermore,he pioneered directional control of aircraft by including the earliest form of a rudder on his gliders. [Figure 1-1]

In the late 1800s, Otto Lilienthal built upon Cayley’s discoveries. He manufactured and flew his own gliders on over 2,000 flights. His willow and cloth aircraft had wings designed from extensive study of the wings of birds. Lilienthal also made standard use of vertical and horizontal fins behind the wings and pilot station. Above all, Lilienthal proved that man could fly. [Figure 1-2]

Octave Chanute, a retired railroad and bridge engineer, was active in aviation during the 1890s. [Figure 1-3] His interest was so great that, among other things, he published a definitive work called “Progress in Flying Machines.” This was the culmination of his effort to gather and study all the
information available on aviation. With the assistance of others, he built gliders similar to Lilienthal’s and then his own. In addition to his publication, Chanute advanced aircraft structure development by building a glider with stacked wings incorporating the use of wires as wing supports.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Struktur pesawat HistoryofPenemuan bahwa "angkat" dapat diciptakan oleh passingair dari atas permukaan melengkung yang mengatur perkembangan tetap dan rotary - sayap pesawat bergerak. George Cayleydeveloped efisien melengkung airfoil di awal 1800-an, serta sukses berawak glider kemudian di abad itu. Ia menetapkan prinsip-prinsip penerbangan, termasuk adanya angkat, berat badan, dorongan, dan tarik. Itu adalah Cayley yang pertama ditumpuk sayap dan menciptakan sebuah glider tri-sayap yang terbang seorang pria di 1853.Earlier, Cayley belajar pusat gravitasi dari mesin terbang, serta efek dari sayap dihedral. Selain itu, ia memelopori kontrol arah pesawat termasuk bentuk awal kemudi pada glider nya. [Gambar 1-1]Di tahun 1800-an, Otto Lilienthal dibangun di atas Cayley's penemuan. Dia diproduksi dan terbang glider sendiri lebih dari 2.000 penerbangan. Pesawat nya willow dan kain memiliki sayap yang dirancang dari studi yang luas sayap burung. Lilienthal juga membuat standar menggunakan sirip vertikal dan horizontal di belakang sayap dan Stasiun pilot. Di atas semua, Lilienthal membuktikan bahwa manusia bisa terbang. [Gambar 1 - 2]Oktaf Chanute, sebuah kereta api pensiunan dan insinyur jembatan, adalah aktif dalam penerbangan selama tahun 1890. [Gambar 1-3] Ketertarikannya adalah begitu besar itu, antara lain, ia menerbitkan sebuah karya definitif yang disebut "Kemajuan dalam mesin terbang." Ini adalah puncak dari usahanya untuk mengumpulkan dan mempelajari semuainformasi yang tersedia di penerbangan. Dengan bantuan dari orang lain, ia membangun glider mirip Lilienthal's dan kemudian nya sendiri. Selain bukunya, Chanute maju pesawat pengembangan struktur dengan membangun sebuah glider dengan sayap ditumpuk menggabungkan penggunaan kawat seperti sayap mendukung.