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One of the great systems of ethics was set forth by Immanuel Kant (1724—1804). To appreciate Kant to the full. one needs to go directly to his ethical writings, especially his Metaphysics of Morals and his Critique of Practical Reason. “Kant's moral philosophy is sometimes called formalism because he was looking for moral principles which are inherently right or wrong apart from any particular circumstances. These moral principles or laws are recognized immediately or directly as true and binding.Kant inherited the Christian reverence for divine law and the worth of the individual self. He was also profoundly influenced by the Greek and the eighteenth-century respect for reason. According to Kant, moral philosophy is concerned not with what is, but with what ought to be. In man there is a sense of duty, the “I ought," or the moral law, which is prior to experience and which springs from a man’s innermost nature. The moral law is the will governed by reason. The moral law brings man into contact with the very order of the universe itselfi’since the laws of nature and the laws of reason are essentially one.
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