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The higher the ratio, supposedly, the greater the ability of the firm to pay its bills. However, the ratio must be regarded as a crude measure of liquidity because it does not take into account the liquidity of the individual components of the current assets.Quick (acid-test) RatioThe acid-test ratio is similar to the current ratio except that it excludes inventory. It is calculated as follows:Quick ratio = (Current assets - inventories) Current liabilities For Jimco, this ratio is$11,700,000 = 1.17 times $10,000,000 industry average = 0.61 timesA quick ratio of 1.0 or greater is occasionally recommended, but, as with the current ratio, an acceptable value depends largely on the industry. vEfficiency RatiosEfficiency ratios are used to measure the speed with which various accounts are converted into sales or cash. Some of these are: inventory turnover, average collection period, fixed asset turnover, total asset turnover.Inventory TurnoverInventory turnover commonly measures the activity, or liquidity, of a firm's inventory:Inventory turnover = cost of goods sold inventory Jimco's turnover in 1993 yields$38,000,000 = 3.17 times $12,000,000 industry average = 2.95 timesJimco's total asset turnover ratio compares well with the industry norm of 2.95.Average Collection PeriodThe average collection period, used to appraise account receivable, is computed by dividing average daily sales into accounts receivable to find the number of days' sales tied up in receivable. In the case of Jimco in 1993, this ratio is given by:Average collection period = Accounts receivable
Average sales per day
Average collection period = Accounts receivable
Average sales/365
$10,000,000 = 71.57 days
($51,000,000 / 365)
industry average = 32.21 days
The difficulty in calculating this ratio stems from the need to find annual purchases - a value not available in published financial statements. Ordinarily, purchase are estimated as a given percentage of cost of goods sold.
Fixed Assets Turnover
The fixed assets turnover ratio measures the utilization of plan and equipment. It is the ratio of sales to fixed assets:
Fixed assets turnover = Sales
Net fixed assets
This ratio for Jimco in 1993 is
$56,000,000 = 7.286 times
$7,000,000
industry average = 8.36 times
Thus, Jimco has a larger investment in fixed assets relative to its sales volume than is the case for the industry norm.
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