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namely epicatechin and catechin, and oligomeric procyanidins [6]. The consumption of cocoa products has been shown to have an influence on CVD risk factors [2, 7], and cocoa intake has been inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality [8]. Epidemiological studies have also reported an inverse association between chocolate consumption and risk of CVD [9] and heart failure [10]. In human intervention studies dark chocolate consumption has shown health promoting effects on blood pressure [11, 12], total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol [11, 13], and also on insulin resistance and sensitivity [11].The beneficial health effects of cocoa have been especiallyrelated to endothelial function [14]. Consumption ofcocoa and chocolate has been shown to decrease bloodpressure and to ameliorate flow mediated dilation (FMD)[7]. Moreover, isoflavones, anthocyanins and cocoa flavan-3-ols in particular, have been associated with or have beenshown to have a positive effect on arterial stiffness [15].Most of the studies reporting the beneficial effects ofdark chocolate on blood pressure have been short (i.e., 2to 4 wks) and the daily dose substantial, as much as100 g/day [16–18]. Therefore, in this study we wanted tofind out if a more reasonable portion (49 g/day dose) fora longer period of time would have an effect on bloodpressure and arterial stiffness. The aim of the presentcross-over study was to examine the effects of daily consumptionof dark chocolate during a reduced snack consumptionperiod for 8 wks on blood pressure (primaryoutcome) and other cardiovascular risk factors in adultswith mild hypertension. For ethical reasons, we wantedto avoid deliberate positive energy balance in our participantswith an increased risk for chronic diseases. Therefore,during both the intervention (dark chocolate) andcontrol (no chocolate) periods, the energy intake in thehabitual diet was reduced by ways of reducing the participant’sdaily snack consumption.
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