Chapter 3. Acoustic Analysis of Consonants 3.1.1 Place of Articulation terjemahan - Chapter 3. Acoustic Analysis of Consonants 3.1.1 Place of Articulation Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Chapter 3. Acoustic Analysis of Con

Chapter 3. Acoustic Analysis of Consonants
3.1.1 Place of Articulation Top



Ø Bilabial - use of both lips, e.g. /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/

Ø Labio-dental - upper teeth and lower lip /f/ and /v/

Ø Dental - upper and lower teeth and tip of tongue /T/ and /D/

Ø Alveolar- tip of tongue touches ridge behind teeth /t/ and /d/, /n/ and /l/;

blade of tongue touches ridge behind teeth , /s/ and /z/

Ø Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) – tongue touches the front part of the palate (roof of mouth) /S/ /Z/ /tS/ /dZ/ /r/

Ø Palatal- tongue touches the middle of the palate /j/

Ø Velar -back part of tongue touches soft palate /k/ and /g/, /N/

Ø Glottal -opening in vocal tract when vocal chords part /h/



3.1.2 Manner of Articulation Top



Ø Plosive / stop: Air stream is blocked completely à release of air e.g. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/

Ø Fricative: Air escapes through a small passage à hissing sound e.g. /f/, /v/, /T/, /D/, /s/, /z/, /S/, /Z/, and /h/

Ø Affricate: plosive + fricative e.g. /tS /and /dZ/

Ø Nasal: Air exits thru the nose e.g. /m/, /n/, and /N/

Ø Lateral: Air exits along the sides of the tongue e.g. /l/

Ø Approximant: A consonant with very little obstruction to the airflow

u e.g. /w/, /j/, and /r/

n semi-vowels: /w/&/j/

n retroflex/ rhotic: /r/





3.1.3 Voicing Top



Voicing is the result of the vibration of the vocal cords. In acoustic analysis, the most important thing with regards to voicing is the low frequency area at the bottom of the spectrogram in the frequency range from 0 to approximately 200Hz. This greater darkness is referred to as a voicing bar, and is a primary indicator of voicing in the spectrogram



Voiceless


Voiced

Vocal cords: open


Vocal cords: closed

Do not have vibration of vocal cords


Have vibration of vocal cords

e.g. /p//t//k//f//s/


e.g. /b//d//g//v//z/
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
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Chapter 3. Acoustic Analysis of Consonants 3.1.1 Place of Articulation Top Ø Bilabial - use of both lips, e.g. /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/Ø Labio-dental - upper teeth and lower lip /f/ and /v/Ø Dental - upper and lower teeth and tip of tongue /T/ and /D/Ø Alveolar- tip of tongue touches ridge behind teeth /t/ and /d/, /n/ and /l/; blade of tongue touches ridge behind teeth , /s/ and /z/Ø Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) – tongue touches the front part of the palate (roof of mouth) /S/ /Z/ /tS/ /dZ/ /r/Ø Palatal- tongue touches the middle of the palate /j/Ø Velar -back part of tongue touches soft palate /k/ and /g/, /N/Ø Glottal -opening in vocal tract when vocal chords part /h/ 3.1.2 Manner of Articulation Top Ø Plosive / stop: Air stream is blocked completely à release of air e.g. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/Ø Fricative: Air escapes through a small passage à hissing sound e.g. /f/, /v/, /T/, /D/, /s/, /z/, /S/, /Z/, and /h/Ø Affricate: plosive + fricative e.g. /tS /and /dZ/Ø Nasal: Air exits thru the nose e.g. /m/, /n/, and /N/Ø Lateral: Air exits along the sides of the tongue e.g. /l/Ø Approximant: A consonant with very little obstruction to the airflowu e.g. /w/, /j/, and /r/n semi-vowels: /w/&/j/n retroflex/ rhotic: /r/ 3.1.3 Voicing Top Voicing is the result of the vibration of the vocal cords. In acoustic analysis, the most important thing with regards to voicing is the low frequency area at the bottom of the spectrogram in the frequency range from 0 to approximately 200Hz. This greater darkness is referred to as a voicing bar, and is a primary indicator of voicing in the spectrogram Voiceless VoicedVocal cords: open Vocal cords: closedDo not have vibration of vocal cords Have vibration of vocal cordse.g. /p//t//k//f//s/ e.g. /b//d//g//v//z/
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Bab 3. Analisis Acoustic dari Konsonan
3.1.1 Tempat Artikulasi Top



Ø bilabial - penggunaan kedua bibir, misalnya / p /, / b /, / m / dan / w /

Ø Labio-gigi - gigi atas dan bibir bawah / f / dan / v /

Ø gigi - gigi atas dan bawah dan ujung lidah / T / dan / D /

Ø Alveolar- ujung lidah menyentuh punggung belakang gigi / t / dan / d /, / n / dan / l /;

blade lidah menyentuh punggung belakang gigi, / s / dan / z /

Ø Palato-alveolar (post-alveolar) - lidah menyentuh bagian depan langit-langit (atap mulut) / s / / Z / / tS / / DZ / / r /

Ø Palatal- lidah menyentuh tengah langit-langit mulut / j /

Ø velar-kembali bagian dari lidah menyentuh langit-langit lunak / k / dan / g /, / N /

Ø glottal -membuka di saluran vokal ketika pita suara bagian / h /



3.1.2 Ragam artikulasi Top



Ø plosif / stop: aliran udara diblokir rilis sepenuhnya à udara misalnya / p /, / b /, / t /, / d /, / k /, dan / g /

Ø frikatif: Air lolos melalui bagian kecil à suara mendesis misalnya / f /, / v /, / T /, / D /, / s /, / z /, / s /, / Z /, dan / h /

Ø afrikat: plosif + geseran misalnya / tS / dan / DZ /

Ø Nasal: keluar Air melalui hidung misalnya / m /, / n /, dan / n /

Ø Lateral: keluar Air sepanjang sisi lidah misalnya / l /

Ø approximant: A konsonan dengan sangat sedikit obstruksi aliran udara yang

u misalnya / w /, / j /, dan / r /

n semi-vokal: / w / & / j /

n retroflks / rhotic: / r /





3.1.3 Menyuarakan Top



Menyuarakan hasilnya dari getaran pita suara. Dalam analisis akustik, hal yang paling penting berkaitan dengan menyuarakan adalah daerah frekuensi rendah di bawah spektogram di rentang frekuensi dari 0 sampai sekitar 200Hz. Kegelapan besar ini disebut sebagai bar menyuarakan, dan merupakan indikator utama menyuarakan di spectrogram



Voiceless


Seiyuu

Vocal tali: terbuka


Pita suara: tertutup

Tidak memiliki getaran pita suara


Memiliki getaran pita suara

mis / p // t // k // f // s /


misalnya / b // d // g // v // z /
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