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Guidance on permit-to-work systemsA
Guidance on permit-to-work systems
A guide for the petroleum, chemical and allied industries
This is a free-to-download, web-friendly version of HSG250
(First edition, published 2005). This version has been adapted for online use from HSE’s current printed version.
You can buy the book at www.hsebooks.co.uk and most good bookshops.
ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5
Price £8.95
This book describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and will help operators using these systems to ensure risks have been reduced to a level as low as reasonably practicable.
It will be particularly useful to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries. The potential for serious incidents in these industries is clear, and permit-to-work systems are a vital part of effective management of the hazards.
The book reinforces previous advice, and reflects recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in these industries.
HSE Books
Page 1 of 40
© Crown copyright 2005
First published 2005
ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:
The Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: licensing@opsi.gov.uk
This guidance is issued by the Health and Safety Executive. Following the guidance is not compulsory and you are free to take other action. But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and may refer to this guidance as illustrating good practice.
Contents
Foreword 4
Introduction 5
How to use this document 6
What is a permit-to-work system? 7
When are permit-to-work systems required? 9
Essentials of permit-to-work systems 11
Display 11
Suspension 12
Permit interaction 13
Handover 13
Hand-back 13
Permit authorisation and supervision 14
Harmonising roles within permit-to-work systems 16
Responsibilities 17
Employers or duty holders 17
Site or installation managers (acting as originator, permit authoriser or area authority) 18
Contractors’ and subcontractors’ management (acting as performing authority or permit user) 18
Responsible authority (acting as permit authoriser, issuing authority or area authority) 19
Supervisory personnel (acting as performing authority or permit user) 20
Individuals (acting as permit user, site checker or isolating authority) 20
Training and competence 20
What does a permit-to-work look like? 22
Electronic permits 24
Work planning and risk assessment 25
Monitoring, audit and review of permit-to-work systems 27
Appendices 28
1 Relevant legal requirements 28
2 Further information on different permit types 30
3 Checklist for the assessment of permit-to-work systems 32
4 Permit-to-work monitoring checklist 36
References and further reading 38
Foreword
This guidance replaces the 1997 revision of Guidance on permit-to-work systems in the petroleum industry (ISBN 0 7176 1281 3) which took account of industry experience gained since 1991, and takes into account other relevant guidance, in particular The safe isolation of plant and equipment.1
This revision builds on previous editions by incorporating recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in the onshore and offshore petroleum industry and onshore chemical and allied industries. It highlights key areas for possible future harmonisation of permit-to-work systems.
This document describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and as such may be useful to operators using permit-to-work systems as part of a demonstration that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable (ALARP). The guidance is applicable to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries where permit-to-work systems are used.
The document is primarily written around well-established paper-based permit-to- work systems, but where possible it accounts for the newer medium of electronic- based permit-to-work systems.
Introduction
1 The petroleum, chemical and allied industries store and process large quantities of hazardous substances including flammable and toxic materials, so the potential for serious incidents is clear. To prevent such incidents it is vital that there should be effective management of hazards, including the use of safe systems of work.
2 A permit-to-work system is an integral part of a safe system of work and can help to properly manage the wide range of activities which can take place close together in a small space, such as in a storage area or process plant.
3 When incidents do occur, human factors, such as failure to implement procedures properly, are often a cause. These failures may in turn be attributable to root causes such as a lack of training, instruction, communication or understanding of either the purpose or practical application of permit-to-work systems.
4 Permit-to-work systems form an essential part of the task risk assessment process. When a task is identified an appraisal should be carried out to identify the nature of the task and its associated hazards. Next, the risks associated with the task should be identified together with the necessary controls and precautions to mitigate the risks. The extent of the controls required will depend on the level of risk associated with the task and may include the need for a permit-to-work.
5 A permit-to-work is not simply permission to carry out a dangerous job. It is an essential part of a system which determines how that job can be carried out safely, and helps communicate this to those doing the job. It should not be regarded
as an easy way to eliminate hazard or reduce risk. The issue of a permit does not, by itself, make a job safe - that can only be achieved by those preparing for the work, those supervising the work and those carrying it out. In addition to the permit-to-work system, other precautions may need to be taken - eg process or electrical isolation, or access barriers - and these will need to be identified
in task risk assessments before any work is undertaken. The permit-to-work system should ensure that authorised and competent people have thought about foreseeable risks and that such risks are avoided by using suitable precautions. Those carrying out the job should think about and understand what they are doing to carry out their work safely, and take the necessary precautions for which they have been trained and made responsible.
How to use this document
6 This guidance is intended to provide a basic understanding of what is meant by a permit-to-work system. The advice is of a general nature, and is not intended to be exhaustive. It is essential that it is read in conjunction with the specific instructions and guidance produced by individual companies. In addition, the Task Risk Assessment2 and other guidance published by the Step Change in Safety initiative, and guidance published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (see Further reading) should be consulted as appropriate.
7 This guidance is designed to assist in three basic ways:
■ to enable assessment of current permit-to-work systems against the principles put forward in this document, and to help to identify improvements to those systems in-line with current good practice;
■ to offer guidance on harmonisation of permit-to-work formats and terminology to assist people who regularly travel from site to site, from company to company, from refinery to offshore installation, and may have to work under several systems;
■ to allow development of a new permit-to-work system based on current good practice, and to give ongoing guidance through implementation and continued application.
8 This guide includes recommendations based on good practice from the petroleum, chemical and allied industries and learning from the investigation of incidents and accidents involving failures in permit-to-work systems. Some
case studies are highlighted in the text. In particular, readers are reminded of the importance of failures in the permit-to-work system in the sequence of events leading up to the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, as summarised in the subsequent report by the Hon Lord Cullen.3
What is a permit-to-work system?
9 A permit-to-work system is a formal recorded process used to control work which is identified as potentially hazardous. It is also a means of communication between site/installation management, plant supervisors and operators and those who carry out the hazardous work. Essential features of permit-to-work systems are:
■ clear identification of who may authorise particular jobs (and any limits to their authority) and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions;
■ training and instruction in the issue, use and closure of permits;
■ monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended;
■ clear identification of the types of work considered hazardous;
■ clear and standardised identification of tasks, risk assessments, permitted task duration and supplemental or simultaneous activity and control measures.
10 The terms ‘permit-to-work’, ‘permit’ or ‘work permit’ refer to the paper or electronic certificate or form which is used as part of an overall system of work, and which has been devised by a company to meet its specific needs.
11 A permit-to-work system aims to ensure that proper consideration is given to the risks of a particular job or simultaneous activities at site. Whether it is manually or
A guide for the petroleum, chemical and allied industries
This is a free-to-download, web-friendly version of HSG250
(First edition, published 2005). This version has been adapted for online use from HSE’s current printed version.
You can buy the book at www.hsebooks.co.uk and most good bookshops.
ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5
Price £8.95
This book describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and will help operators using these systems to ensure risks have been reduced to a level as low as reasonably practicable.
It will be particularly useful to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries. The potential for serious incidents in these industries is clear, and permit-to-work systems are a vital part of effective management of the hazards.
The book reinforces previous advice, and reflects recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in these industries.
HSE Books
Page 1 of 40
© Crown copyright 2005
First published 2005
ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:
The Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: licensing@opsi.gov.uk
This guidance is issued by the Health and Safety Executive. Following the guidance is not compulsory and you are free to take other action. But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and may refer to this guidance as illustrating good practice.
Contents
Foreword 4
Introduction 5
How to use this document 6
What is a permit-to-work system? 7
When are permit-to-work systems required? 9
Essentials of permit-to-work systems 11
Display 11
Suspension 12
Permit interaction 13
Handover 13
Hand-back 13
Permit authorisation and supervision 14
Harmonising roles within permit-to-work systems 16
Responsibilities 17
Employers or duty holders 17
Site or installation managers (acting as originator, permit authoriser or area authority) 18
Contractors’ and subcontractors’ management (acting as performing authority or permit user) 18
Responsible authority (acting as permit authoriser, issuing authority or area authority) 19
Supervisory personnel (acting as performing authority or permit user) 20
Individuals (acting as permit user, site checker or isolating authority) 20
Training and competence 20
What does a permit-to-work look like? 22
Electronic permits 24
Work planning and risk assessment 25
Monitoring, audit and review of permit-to-work systems 27
Appendices 28
1 Relevant legal requirements 28
2 Further information on different permit types 30
3 Checklist for the assessment of permit-to-work systems 32
4 Permit-to-work monitoring checklist 36
References and further reading 38
Foreword
This guidance replaces the 1997 revision of Guidance on permit-to-work systems in the petroleum industry (ISBN 0 7176 1281 3) which took account of industry experience gained since 1991, and takes into account other relevant guidance, in particular The safe isolation of plant and equipment.1
This revision builds on previous editions by incorporating recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in the onshore and offshore petroleum industry and onshore chemical and allied industries. It highlights key areas for possible future harmonisation of permit-to-work systems.
This document describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and as such may be useful to operators using permit-to-work systems as part of a demonstration that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable (ALARP). The guidance is applicable to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries where permit-to-work systems are used.
The document is primarily written around well-established paper-based permit-to- work systems, but where possible it accounts for the newer medium of electronic- based permit-to-work systems.
Introduction
1 The petroleum, chemical and allied industries store and process large quantities of hazardous substances including flammable and toxic materials, so the potential for serious incidents is clear. To prevent such incidents it is vital that there should be effective management of hazards, including the use of safe systems of work.
2 A permit-to-work system is an integral part of a safe system of work and can help to properly manage the wide range of activities which can take place close together in a small space, such as in a storage area or process plant.
3 When incidents do occur, human factors, such as failure to implement procedures properly, are often a cause. These failures may in turn be attributable to root causes such as a lack of training, instruction, communication or understanding of either the purpose or practical application of permit-to-work systems.
4 Permit-to-work systems form an essential part of the task risk assessment process. When a task is identified an appraisal should be carried out to identify the nature of the task and its associated hazards. Next, the risks associated with the task should be identified together with the necessary controls and precautions to mitigate the risks. The extent of the controls required will depend on the level of risk associated with the task and may include the need for a permit-to-work.
5 A permit-to-work is not simply permission to carry out a dangerous job. It is an essential part of a system which determines how that job can be carried out safely, and helps communicate this to those doing the job. It should not be regarded
as an easy way to eliminate hazard or reduce risk. The issue of a permit does not, by itself, make a job safe - that can only be achieved by those preparing for the work, those supervising the work and those carrying it out. In addition to the permit-to-work system, other precautions may need to be taken - eg process or electrical isolation, or access barriers - and these will need to be identified
in task risk assessments before any work is undertaken. The permit-to-work system should ensure that authorised and competent people have thought about foreseeable risks and that such risks are avoided by using suitable precautions. Those carrying out the job should think about and understand what they are doing to carry out their work safely, and take the necessary precautions for which they have been trained and made responsible.
How to use this document
6 This guidance is intended to provide a basic understanding of what is meant by a permit-to-work system. The advice is of a general nature, and is not intended to be exhaustive. It is essential that it is read in conjunction with the specific instructions and guidance produced by individual companies. In addition, the Task Risk Assessment2 and other guidance published by the Step Change in Safety initiative, and guidance published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (see Further reading) should be consulted as appropriate.
7 This guidance is designed to assist in three basic ways:
■ to enable assessment of current permit-to-work systems against the principles put forward in this document, and to help to identify improvements to those systems in-line with current good practice;
■ to offer guidance on harmonisation of permit-to-work formats and terminology to assist people who regularly travel from site to site, from company to company, from refinery to offshore installation, and may have to work under several systems;
■ to allow development of a new permit-to-work system based on current good practice, and to give ongoing guidance through implementation and continued application.
8 This guide includes recommendations based on good practice from the petroleum, chemical and allied industries and learning from the investigation of incidents and accidents involving failures in permit-to-work systems. Some
case studies are highlighted in the text. In particular, readers are reminded of the importance of failures in the permit-to-work system in the sequence of events leading up to the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, as summarised in the subsequent report by the Hon Lord Cullen.3
What is a permit-to-work system?
9 A permit-to-work system is a formal recorded process used to control work which is identified as potentially hazardous. It is also a means of communication between site/installation management, plant supervisors and operators and those who carry out the hazardous work. Essential features of permit-to-work systems are:
■ clear identification of who may authorise particular jobs (and any limits to their authority) and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions;
■ training and instruction in the issue, use and closure of permits;
■ monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended;
■ clear identification of the types of work considered hazardous;
■ clear and standardised identification of tasks, risk assessments, permitted task duration and supplemental or simultaneous activity and control measures.
10 The terms ‘permit-to-work’, ‘permit’ or ‘work permit’ refer to the paper or electronic certificate or form which is used as part of an overall system of work, and which has been devised by a company to meet its specific needs.
11 A permit-to-work system aims to ensure that proper consideration is given to the risks of a particular job or simultaneous activities at site. Whether it is manually or
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Guidance on permit-to-work systemsA guide for the petroleum, chemical and allied industriesThis is a free-to-download, web-friendly version of HSG250(First edition, published 2005). This version has been adapted for online use from HSE’s current printed version.You can buy the book at www.hsebooks.co.uk and most good bookshops.ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5Price £8.95This book describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and will help operators using these systems to ensure risks have been reduced to a level as low as reasonably practicable.It will be particularly useful to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries. The potential for serious incidents in these industries is clear, and permit-to-work systems are a vital part of effective management of the hazards.The book reinforces previous advice, and reflects recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in these industries. HSE Books Page 1 of 40 © Crown copyright 2005First published 2005ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:The Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU or e-mail: licensing@opsi.gov.ukThis guidance is issued by the Health and Safety Executive. Following the guidance is not compulsory and you are free to take other action. But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and may refer to this guidance as illustrating good practice. ContentsForeword 4Introduction 5How to use this document 6What is a permit-to-work system? 7When are permit-to-work systems required? 9Essentials of permit-to-work systems 11Display 11Suspension 12Permit interaction 13Handover 13Hand-back 13Permit authorisation and supervision 14Harmonising roles within permit-to-work systems 16Responsibilities 17Employers or duty holders 17Site or installation managers (acting as originator, permit authoriser or area authority) 18Contractors’ and subcontractors’ management (acting as performing authority or permit user) 18Responsible authority (acting as permit authoriser, issuing authority or area authority) 19Supervisory personnel (acting as performing authority or permit user) 20Individuals (acting as permit user, site checker or isolating authority) 20Training and competence 20What does a permit-to-work look like? 22Electronic permits 24Work planning and risk assessment 25Monitoring, audit and review of permit-to-work systems 27Appendices 281 Relevant legal requirements 282 Further information on different permit types 303 Checklist for the assessment of permit-to-work systems 324 Permit-to-work monitoring checklist 36References and further reading 38 ForewordThis guidance replaces the 1997 revision of Guidance on permit-to-work systems in the petroleum industry (ISBN 0 7176 1281 3) which took account of industry experience gained since 1991, and takes into account other relevant guidance, in particular The safe isolation of plant and equipment.1This revision builds on previous editions by incorporating recent technical advances (eg electronic permit systems) and good practice identified in the onshore and offshore petroleum industry and onshore chemical and allied industries. It highlights key areas for possible future harmonisation of permit-to-work systems.This document describes good practice in the use of permit-to-work systems, and as such may be useful to operators using permit-to-work systems as part of a demonstration that risks have been reduced to as low a level as reasonably practicable (ALARP). The guidance is applicable to the onshore and offshore petroleum industry, onshore chemical and allied industries and other industries where permit-to-work systems are used.The document is primarily written around well-established paper-based permit-to- work systems, but where possible it accounts for the newer medium of electronic- based permit-to-work systems. Introduction1 The petroleum, chemical and allied industries store and process large quantities of hazardous substances including flammable and toxic materials, so the potential for serious incidents is clear. To prevent such incidents it is vital that there should be effective management of hazards, including the use of safe systems of work.2 A permit-to-work system is an integral part of a safe system of work and can help to properly manage the wide range of activities which can take place close together in a small space, such as in a storage area or process plant.3 When incidents do occur, human factors, such as failure to implement procedures properly, are often a cause. These failures may in turn be attributable to root causes such as a lack of training, instruction, communication or understanding of either the purpose or practical application of permit-to-work systems.4 Permit-to-work systems form an essential part of the task risk assessment process. When a task is identified an appraisal should be carried out to identify the nature of the task and its associated hazards. Next, the risks associated with the task should be identified together with the necessary controls and precautions to mitigate the risks. The extent of the controls required will depend on the level of risk associated with the task and may include the need for a permit-to-work.5 A permit-to-work is not simply permission to carry out a dangerous job. It is an essential part of a system which determines how that job can be carried out safely, and helps communicate this to those doing the job. It should not be regardedas an easy way to eliminate hazard or reduce risk. The issue of a permit does not, by itself, make a job safe - that can only be achieved by those preparing for the work, those supervising the work and those carrying it out. In addition to the permit-to-work system, other precautions may need to be taken - eg process or electrical isolation, or access barriers - and these will need to be identifiedin task risk assessments before any work is undertaken. The permit-to-work system should ensure that authorised and competent people have thought about foreseeable risks and that such risks are avoided by using suitable precautions. Those carrying out the job should think about and understand what they are doing to carry out their work safely, and take the necessary precautions for which they have been trained and made responsible. How to use this document6 This guidance is intended to provide a basic understanding of what is meant by a permit-to-work system. The advice is of a general nature, and is not intended to be exhaustive. It is essential that it is read in conjunction with the specific instructions and guidance produced by individual companies. In addition, the Task Risk Assessment2 and other guidance published by the Step Change in Safety initiative, and guidance published by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (see Further reading) should be consulted as appropriate.7 This guidance is designed to assist in three basic ways:■ to enable assessment of current permit-to-work systems against the principles put forward in this document, and to help to identify improvements to those systems in-line with current good practice;■ to offer guidance on harmonisation of permit-to-work formats and terminology to assist people who regularly travel from site to site, from company to company, from refinery to offshore installation, and may have to work under several systems;■ to allow development of a new permit-to-work system based on current good practice, and to give ongoing guidance through implementation and continued application.8 This guide includes recommendations based on good practice from the petroleum, chemical and allied industries and learning from the investigation of incidents and accidents involving failures in permit-to-work systems. Somecase studies are highlighted in the text. In particular, readers are reminded of the importance of failures in the permit-to-work system in the sequence of events leading up to the Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, as summarised in the subsequent report by the Hon Lord Cullen.3 What is a permit-to-work system?9 A permit-to-work system is a formal recorded process used to control work which is identified as potentially hazardous. It is also a means of communication between site/installation management, plant supervisors and operators and those who carry out the hazardous work. Essential features of permit-to-work systems are:■ clear identification of who may authorise particular jobs (and any limits to their authority) and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions;■ training and instruction in the issue, use and closure of permits;■ monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended;■ clear identification of the types of work considered hazardous;■ clear and standardised identification of tasks, risk assessments, permitted task duration and supplemental or simultaneous activity and control measures. 10 The terms ‘permit-to-work’, ‘permit’ or ‘work permit’ refer to the paper or electronic certificate or form which is used as part of an overall system of work, and which has been devised by a company to meet its specific needs.11 A permit-to-work system aims to ensure that proper consideration is given to the risks of a particular job or simultaneous activities at site. Whether it is manually or
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Pedoman izin-ke-bekerja sistem
Panduan untuk minyak bumi, kimia dan sekutu industri ini adalah, versi free-to-Download ramah-web HSG250 (Edisi pertama, diterbitkan 2005). Versi ini telah diadaptasi untuk digunakan secara online dari versi cetak HSE saat ini. Anda dapat membeli buku di toko buku www.hsebooks.co.uk dan paling baik. ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5 Harga £ 8,95 Buku ini menjelaskan praktek yang baik dalam penggunaan izin-ke-bekerja sistem, dan akan membantu operator menggunakan sistem ini untuk memastikan risiko telah berkurang ke tingkat serendah cukup praktis. Ini akan sangat berguna untuk industri darat dan lepas pantai minyak bumi, kimia darat dan industri terkait dan industri lainnya . Potensi insiden serius di industri ini jelas, dan izin-ke-bekerja sistem adalah bagian penting dari manajemen yang efektif dari bahaya. Buku ini memperkuat saran sebelumnya, dan mencerminkan kemajuan terbaru teknis (misalnya sistem izin elektronik) dan praktek yang baik diidentifikasi di industri ini. HSE Buku Halaman 1 dari 40 © Crown hak cipta 2005 Pertama diterbitkan 2005 ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5 undang-undang. Tidak ada bagian dari publikasi ini dapat direproduksi, disimpan dalam sistem pencarian, atau ditransmisikan dalam bentuk apapun atau dengan cara apapun (elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi, rekaman atau lainnya), tanpa izin tertulis dari pemilik hak cipta. Aplikasi untuk reproduksi harus dibuat secara tertulis kepada: Kantor Informasi Publik Sektor, Tim Kebijakan Informasi, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU atau e-mail: licensing@opsi.gov.uk bimbingan ini dikeluarkan oleh Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Eksekutif. Setelah bimbingan tidak wajib dan Anda bebas untuk mengambil tindakan lain. Tapi jika Anda mengikuti bimbingan Anda biasanya akan melakukan cukup untuk mematuhi hukum. Inspektur kesehatan dan keselamatan berusaha untuk mengamankan sesuai dengan hukum dan dapat merujuk pada pedoman ini sebagai menggambarkan praktek yang baik. Isi Kata Pengantar 4 Pengantar 5 Cara menggunakan dokumen ini 6 Apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja? 7 Kapan izin-ke-bekerja sistem diperlukan? 9 Essentials sistem izin-ke-bekerja 11 Tampilan 11 Suspension 12 interaksi Izin 13 Handover 13 Tangan-kembali 13 otorisasi Izin dan pengawasan 14 Harmonisasi peran dalam izin-ke-bekerja sistem 16 Tanggung Jawab 17 Pengusaha atau pemegang tugas 17 Situs atau instalasi manajer ( bertindak sebagai pencetus, izin yang resmi atau otoritas daerah) 18 manajemen kontraktor dan subkontraktor '(bertindak sebagai melakukan otoritas atau izin pengguna) 18 otoritas Bertanggung Jawab (bertindak sebagai izin yang resmi, mengeluarkan otoritas atau daerah kekuasaan) 19 personil Pengawas (bertindak sebagai melakukan otoritas atau izin pengguna) 20 Individu (bertindak sebagai pengguna izin, situs checker atau mengisolasi otoritas) 20 Pelatihan dan kompetensi 20 Apa izin-ke-bekerja terlihat seperti? 22 Elektronik memungkinkan 24 perencanaan Kerja dan penilaian risiko 25 Monitoring, audit dan review sistem izin-ke-bekerja 27 Lampiran 28 1 persyaratan hukum yang relevan 28 2 Informasi lebih lanjut tentang jenis izin yang berbeda 30 3 Checklist untuk penilaian izin-ke-bekerja sistem 32 4 Izin-ke-bekerja monitoring checklist 36 Referensi dan bacaan lebih lanjut 38 Kata Pengantar Pedoman ini menggantikan 1997 revisi Pedoman izin-ke-bekerja sistem dalam industri perminyakan (ISBN 0 7176 1281 3) yang mengambil akun pengalaman industri yang diperoleh sejak 1991, dan memperhitungkan bimbingan terkait lainnya, khususnya Isolasi aman tanaman dan equipment.1 revisi ini didasarkan pada edisi sebelumnya dengan memasukkan kemajuan teknis baru-baru ini (misalnya sistem izin elektronik) dan praktek yang baik yang diidentifikasi dalam industri minyak onshore dan offshore dan kimia darat dan industri terkait. Ini menyoroti bidang utama untuk kemungkinan harmonisasi masa depan izin-ke-bekerja sistem. Dokumen ini menjelaskan praktek yang baik dalam penggunaan izin-ke-bekerja sistem, dan dengan demikian mungkin berguna untuk operator menggunakan izin-ke-bekerja sistem sebagai bagian dari demonstrasi bahwa risiko telah berkurang ke level tingkat sebagai cukup praktis (ALARP). Bimbingan berlaku untuk industri minyak onshore dan offshore, kimia darat dan industri terkait dan industri lainnya di mana izin-ke-bekerja sistem yang digunakan. Dokumen ini terutama ditulis sistem kerja berbasis kertas sekitar mapan izin-to, tapi mana mungkin account untuk media baru dari electronic- berdasarkan izin-ke-bekerja sistem. Pendahuluan 1 minyak bumi, industri kimia dan bersekutu toko dan proses dalam jumlah besar zat berbahaya termasuk bahan yang mudah terbakar dan beracun, sehingga potensi insiden serius jelas . Untuk mencegah insiden seperti itu sangat penting bahwa harus ada manajemen yang efektif dari bahaya, termasuk penggunaan sistem yang aman dari pekerjaan. 2 Sistem izin-ke-bekerja merupakan bagian integral dari sistem yang aman dari pekerjaan dan dapat membantu untuk benar mengelola berbagai kegiatan yang dapat berlangsung berdekatan dalam ruang kecil, seperti di tempat penyimpanan atau proses pabrik. 3 Ketika insiden terjadi, faktor manusia, seperti kegagalan untuk menerapkan prosedur dengan benar, sering penyebab. Kegagalan ini pada gilirannya akan timbul akar penyebab seperti kurangnya pelatihan, instruksi, komunikasi atau pemahaman baik tujuan atau aplikasi praktis dari izin-ke-bekerja sistem. 4 Izin-ke-bekerja sistem merupakan bagian penting dari resiko tugas proses penilaian. Ketika tugas diidentifikasi penilai harus dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi sifat tugas dan bahaya yang terkait. Berikutnya, risiko yang terkait dengan tugas harus diidentifikasi bersama-sama dengan kontrol yang diperlukan dan tindakan pencegahan untuk mengurangi risiko. Tingkat kontrol yang diperlukan akan tergantung pada tingkat risiko yang terkait dengan tugas dan mungkin termasuk kebutuhan untuk izin-ke-bekerja. 5 Sebuah karya izin-to-bukan hanya izin untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berbahaya. Ini merupakan bagian penting dari sistem yang menentukan bagaimana pekerjaan yang dapat dilakukan secara aman, dan membantu mengkomunikasikan ini kepada mereka yang melakukan pekerjaan. Ini tidak boleh dianggap sebagai cara mudah untuk menghilangkan bahaya atau mengurangi risiko. Masalah izin tidak, dengan sendirinya, membuat aman pekerjaan - yang hanya bisa dicapai oleh mereka mempersiapkan diri untuk bekerja, mereka mengawasi pekerjaan dan mereka melaksanakannya. Selain sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja, tindakan pencegahan lain mungkin perlu diambil - proses misalnya atau isolasi listrik, atau hambatan akses - dan ini perlu diidentifikasi dalam penilaian risiko tugas sebelum pekerjaan dilakukan. Sistem izin-ke-bekerja harus memastikan bahwa orang-orang yang berwenang dan kompeten berpikir tentang risiko yang akan datang dan bahwa risiko tersebut dihindari dengan menggunakan tindakan pencegahan yang sesuai. Mereka melakukan pekerjaan harus memikirkan dan memahami apa yang mereka lakukan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan mereka dengan aman, dan mengambil tindakan pencegahan yang diperlukan yang mereka telah dilatih dan dibuat bertanggung jawab. Cara menggunakan dokumen ini 6 pedoman ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dasar pemahaman tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja. Saran ini bersifat umum, dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk menjadi lengkap. Sangat penting bahwa itu dibaca bersama dengan petunjuk khusus dan bimbingan yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing perusahaan. Selain itu, Task Risiko Assessment2 dan bimbingan lain yang diterbitkan oleh Langkah Perubahan inisiatif keselamatan, dan bimbingan diterbitkan oleh Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Eksekutif (HSE) (lihat Bacaan lebih lanjut) harus dikonsultasikan sesuai. 7 Pedoman ini dirancang untuk membantu dalam tiga cara dasar: ■ mengaktifkan penilaian saat ini sistem izin-ke-bekerja melawan prinsip-prinsip yang dikemukakan dalam dokumen ini, dan untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perbaikan sistem-sistem in-line dengan praktik yang baik saat ini; ■ untuk menawarkan bimbingan pada harmonisasi izin -untuk-kerja format dan terminologi untuk membantu orang-orang yang secara teratur perjalanan dari situs ke situs, dari perusahaan ke perusahaan, dari kilang ke instalasi lepas pantai, dan mungkin harus bekerja di bawah beberapa sistem; ■ untuk memungkinkan pengembangan izin kerja-to-baru sistem berdasarkan praktek yang baik saat ini, dan untuk memberikan bimbingan berkelanjutan melalui implementasi dan aplikasi lanjutan. 8 Panduan ini mencakup rekomendasi berdasarkan praktik yang baik dari minyak bumi, kimia dan sekutu industri dan belajar dari penyelidikan insiden dan kecelakaan yang melibatkan kegagalan dalam izin-untuk sistem-bekerja. Beberapa studi kasus yang disorot dalam teks. Secara khusus, pembaca diingatkan akan pentingnya kegagalan dalam izin-ke-bekerja sistem dalam urutan kejadian yang menyebabkan bencana Piper Alpha pada tahun 1988, seperti yang dirangkum dalam laporan berikutnya oleh Hon Tuhan Cullen.3 Apa itu izin-ke-bekerja sistem? 9 Sistem izin-ke-bekerja adalah proses yang tercatat resmi digunakan untuk mengontrol kerja yang diidentifikasi sebagai berpotensi berbahaya. Ini juga merupakan sarana komunikasi antara situs / manajemen instalasi, pengawas pabrik dan operator dan orang-orang yang melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berbahaya. Fitur penting dari izin-ke-bekerja sistem adalah: ■ identifikasi yang jelas dari yang dapat mengizinkan pekerjaan tertentu (dan batasan untuk otoritas mereka) dan siapa yang bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan tindakan yang diperlukan; ■ pelatihan dan instruksi dalam edisi, penggunaan dan penutupan izin; ■ pemantauan dan audit untuk memastikan bahwa sistem bekerja sebagaimana dimaksud; ■ identifikasi yang jelas dari jenis pekerjaan yang dianggap berbahaya; ■ identifikasi yang jelas dan standar tugas, penilaian risiko, durasi tugas diizinkan dan aktivitas dan kontrol tambahan atau simultan tindakan. 10 'izin-ke-bekerja', 'izin' atau 'izin kerja' istilah mengacu pada kertas atau sertifikat elektronik atau bentuk yang digunakan sebagai bagian dari sistem secara keseluruhan pekerjaan, dan yang telah dirancang oleh perusahaan untuk memenuhi nya kebutuhan khusus. 11 Sebuah sistem izin-ke-bekerja bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa pertimbangan yang tepat diberikan kepada risiko pekerjaan tertentu atau kegiatan simultan di situs. Apakah itu secara manual atau
Panduan untuk minyak bumi, kimia dan sekutu industri ini adalah, versi free-to-Download ramah-web HSG250 (Edisi pertama, diterbitkan 2005). Versi ini telah diadaptasi untuk digunakan secara online dari versi cetak HSE saat ini. Anda dapat membeli buku di toko buku www.hsebooks.co.uk dan paling baik. ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5 Harga £ 8,95 Buku ini menjelaskan praktek yang baik dalam penggunaan izin-ke-bekerja sistem, dan akan membantu operator menggunakan sistem ini untuk memastikan risiko telah berkurang ke tingkat serendah cukup praktis. Ini akan sangat berguna untuk industri darat dan lepas pantai minyak bumi, kimia darat dan industri terkait dan industri lainnya . Potensi insiden serius di industri ini jelas, dan izin-ke-bekerja sistem adalah bagian penting dari manajemen yang efektif dari bahaya. Buku ini memperkuat saran sebelumnya, dan mencerminkan kemajuan terbaru teknis (misalnya sistem izin elektronik) dan praktek yang baik diidentifikasi di industri ini. HSE Buku Halaman 1 dari 40 © Crown hak cipta 2005 Pertama diterbitkan 2005 ISBN 978 0 7176 2943 5 undang-undang. Tidak ada bagian dari publikasi ini dapat direproduksi, disimpan dalam sistem pencarian, atau ditransmisikan dalam bentuk apapun atau dengan cara apapun (elektronik, mekanik, fotokopi, rekaman atau lainnya), tanpa izin tertulis dari pemilik hak cipta. Aplikasi untuk reproduksi harus dibuat secara tertulis kepada: Kantor Informasi Publik Sektor, Tim Kebijakan Informasi, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU atau e-mail: licensing@opsi.gov.uk bimbingan ini dikeluarkan oleh Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Eksekutif. Setelah bimbingan tidak wajib dan Anda bebas untuk mengambil tindakan lain. Tapi jika Anda mengikuti bimbingan Anda biasanya akan melakukan cukup untuk mematuhi hukum. Inspektur kesehatan dan keselamatan berusaha untuk mengamankan sesuai dengan hukum dan dapat merujuk pada pedoman ini sebagai menggambarkan praktek yang baik. Isi Kata Pengantar 4 Pengantar 5 Cara menggunakan dokumen ini 6 Apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja? 7 Kapan izin-ke-bekerja sistem diperlukan? 9 Essentials sistem izin-ke-bekerja 11 Tampilan 11 Suspension 12 interaksi Izin 13 Handover 13 Tangan-kembali 13 otorisasi Izin dan pengawasan 14 Harmonisasi peran dalam izin-ke-bekerja sistem 16 Tanggung Jawab 17 Pengusaha atau pemegang tugas 17 Situs atau instalasi manajer ( bertindak sebagai pencetus, izin yang resmi atau otoritas daerah) 18 manajemen kontraktor dan subkontraktor '(bertindak sebagai melakukan otoritas atau izin pengguna) 18 otoritas Bertanggung Jawab (bertindak sebagai izin yang resmi, mengeluarkan otoritas atau daerah kekuasaan) 19 personil Pengawas (bertindak sebagai melakukan otoritas atau izin pengguna) 20 Individu (bertindak sebagai pengguna izin, situs checker atau mengisolasi otoritas) 20 Pelatihan dan kompetensi 20 Apa izin-ke-bekerja terlihat seperti? 22 Elektronik memungkinkan 24 perencanaan Kerja dan penilaian risiko 25 Monitoring, audit dan review sistem izin-ke-bekerja 27 Lampiran 28 1 persyaratan hukum yang relevan 28 2 Informasi lebih lanjut tentang jenis izin yang berbeda 30 3 Checklist untuk penilaian izin-ke-bekerja sistem 32 4 Izin-ke-bekerja monitoring checklist 36 Referensi dan bacaan lebih lanjut 38 Kata Pengantar Pedoman ini menggantikan 1997 revisi Pedoman izin-ke-bekerja sistem dalam industri perminyakan (ISBN 0 7176 1281 3) yang mengambil akun pengalaman industri yang diperoleh sejak 1991, dan memperhitungkan bimbingan terkait lainnya, khususnya Isolasi aman tanaman dan equipment.1 revisi ini didasarkan pada edisi sebelumnya dengan memasukkan kemajuan teknis baru-baru ini (misalnya sistem izin elektronik) dan praktek yang baik yang diidentifikasi dalam industri minyak onshore dan offshore dan kimia darat dan industri terkait. Ini menyoroti bidang utama untuk kemungkinan harmonisasi masa depan izin-ke-bekerja sistem. Dokumen ini menjelaskan praktek yang baik dalam penggunaan izin-ke-bekerja sistem, dan dengan demikian mungkin berguna untuk operator menggunakan izin-ke-bekerja sistem sebagai bagian dari demonstrasi bahwa risiko telah berkurang ke level tingkat sebagai cukup praktis (ALARP). Bimbingan berlaku untuk industri minyak onshore dan offshore, kimia darat dan industri terkait dan industri lainnya di mana izin-ke-bekerja sistem yang digunakan. Dokumen ini terutama ditulis sistem kerja berbasis kertas sekitar mapan izin-to, tapi mana mungkin account untuk media baru dari electronic- berdasarkan izin-ke-bekerja sistem. Pendahuluan 1 minyak bumi, industri kimia dan bersekutu toko dan proses dalam jumlah besar zat berbahaya termasuk bahan yang mudah terbakar dan beracun, sehingga potensi insiden serius jelas . Untuk mencegah insiden seperti itu sangat penting bahwa harus ada manajemen yang efektif dari bahaya, termasuk penggunaan sistem yang aman dari pekerjaan. 2 Sistem izin-ke-bekerja merupakan bagian integral dari sistem yang aman dari pekerjaan dan dapat membantu untuk benar mengelola berbagai kegiatan yang dapat berlangsung berdekatan dalam ruang kecil, seperti di tempat penyimpanan atau proses pabrik. 3 Ketika insiden terjadi, faktor manusia, seperti kegagalan untuk menerapkan prosedur dengan benar, sering penyebab. Kegagalan ini pada gilirannya akan timbul akar penyebab seperti kurangnya pelatihan, instruksi, komunikasi atau pemahaman baik tujuan atau aplikasi praktis dari izin-ke-bekerja sistem. 4 Izin-ke-bekerja sistem merupakan bagian penting dari resiko tugas proses penilaian. Ketika tugas diidentifikasi penilai harus dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi sifat tugas dan bahaya yang terkait. Berikutnya, risiko yang terkait dengan tugas harus diidentifikasi bersama-sama dengan kontrol yang diperlukan dan tindakan pencegahan untuk mengurangi risiko. Tingkat kontrol yang diperlukan akan tergantung pada tingkat risiko yang terkait dengan tugas dan mungkin termasuk kebutuhan untuk izin-ke-bekerja. 5 Sebuah karya izin-to-bukan hanya izin untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berbahaya. Ini merupakan bagian penting dari sistem yang menentukan bagaimana pekerjaan yang dapat dilakukan secara aman, dan membantu mengkomunikasikan ini kepada mereka yang melakukan pekerjaan. Ini tidak boleh dianggap sebagai cara mudah untuk menghilangkan bahaya atau mengurangi risiko. Masalah izin tidak, dengan sendirinya, membuat aman pekerjaan - yang hanya bisa dicapai oleh mereka mempersiapkan diri untuk bekerja, mereka mengawasi pekerjaan dan mereka melaksanakannya. Selain sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja, tindakan pencegahan lain mungkin perlu diambil - proses misalnya atau isolasi listrik, atau hambatan akses - dan ini perlu diidentifikasi dalam penilaian risiko tugas sebelum pekerjaan dilakukan. Sistem izin-ke-bekerja harus memastikan bahwa orang-orang yang berwenang dan kompeten berpikir tentang risiko yang akan datang dan bahwa risiko tersebut dihindari dengan menggunakan tindakan pencegahan yang sesuai. Mereka melakukan pekerjaan harus memikirkan dan memahami apa yang mereka lakukan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan mereka dengan aman, dan mengambil tindakan pencegahan yang diperlukan yang mereka telah dilatih dan dibuat bertanggung jawab. Cara menggunakan dokumen ini 6 pedoman ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dasar pemahaman tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem perizinan-ke-bekerja. Saran ini bersifat umum, dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk menjadi lengkap. Sangat penting bahwa itu dibaca bersama dengan petunjuk khusus dan bimbingan yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing perusahaan. Selain itu, Task Risiko Assessment2 dan bimbingan lain yang diterbitkan oleh Langkah Perubahan inisiatif keselamatan, dan bimbingan diterbitkan oleh Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Eksekutif (HSE) (lihat Bacaan lebih lanjut) harus dikonsultasikan sesuai. 7 Pedoman ini dirancang untuk membantu dalam tiga cara dasar: ■ mengaktifkan penilaian saat ini sistem izin-ke-bekerja melawan prinsip-prinsip yang dikemukakan dalam dokumen ini, dan untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perbaikan sistem-sistem in-line dengan praktik yang baik saat ini; ■ untuk menawarkan bimbingan pada harmonisasi izin -untuk-kerja format dan terminologi untuk membantu orang-orang yang secara teratur perjalanan dari situs ke situs, dari perusahaan ke perusahaan, dari kilang ke instalasi lepas pantai, dan mungkin harus bekerja di bawah beberapa sistem; ■ untuk memungkinkan pengembangan izin kerja-to-baru sistem berdasarkan praktek yang baik saat ini, dan untuk memberikan bimbingan berkelanjutan melalui implementasi dan aplikasi lanjutan. 8 Panduan ini mencakup rekomendasi berdasarkan praktik yang baik dari minyak bumi, kimia dan sekutu industri dan belajar dari penyelidikan insiden dan kecelakaan yang melibatkan kegagalan dalam izin-untuk sistem-bekerja. Beberapa studi kasus yang disorot dalam teks. Secara khusus, pembaca diingatkan akan pentingnya kegagalan dalam izin-ke-bekerja sistem dalam urutan kejadian yang menyebabkan bencana Piper Alpha pada tahun 1988, seperti yang dirangkum dalam laporan berikutnya oleh Hon Tuhan Cullen.3 Apa itu izin-ke-bekerja sistem? 9 Sistem izin-ke-bekerja adalah proses yang tercatat resmi digunakan untuk mengontrol kerja yang diidentifikasi sebagai berpotensi berbahaya. Ini juga merupakan sarana komunikasi antara situs / manajemen instalasi, pengawas pabrik dan operator dan orang-orang yang melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berbahaya. Fitur penting dari izin-ke-bekerja sistem adalah: ■ identifikasi yang jelas dari yang dapat mengizinkan pekerjaan tertentu (dan batasan untuk otoritas mereka) dan siapa yang bertanggung jawab untuk menentukan tindakan yang diperlukan; ■ pelatihan dan instruksi dalam edisi, penggunaan dan penutupan izin; ■ pemantauan dan audit untuk memastikan bahwa sistem bekerja sebagaimana dimaksud; ■ identifikasi yang jelas dari jenis pekerjaan yang dianggap berbahaya; ■ identifikasi yang jelas dan standar tugas, penilaian risiko, durasi tugas diizinkan dan aktivitas dan kontrol tambahan atau simultan tindakan. 10 'izin-ke-bekerja', 'izin' atau 'izin kerja' istilah mengacu pada kertas atau sertifikat elektronik atau bentuk yang digunakan sebagai bagian dari sistem secara keseluruhan pekerjaan, dan yang telah dirancang oleh perusahaan untuk memenuhi nya kebutuhan khusus. 11 Sebuah sistem izin-ke-bekerja bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa pertimbangan yang tepat diberikan kepada risiko pekerjaan tertentu atau kegiatan simultan di situs. Apakah itu secara manual atau
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- I happy because my husbang not angri
- Gudang Ngecit - Get Free Gold Ninja Hero
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- salam dari iss untuk selviana
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- And here are some direct quotes from the
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- Jan pengin ke situ
- I'm fine now, thank you dear. I feel a l
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- selin e bak bi geri dön
- kindly be informed
