2 Method2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a lar terjemahan - 2 Method2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a lar Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

2 Method2.1 SamplesParticipants wer

2 Method
2.1 Samples
Participants were undergraduate students from a large Midwestern U.S. university (N = 751) and a large Northeastern university (N = 234) in the United States. No demographic information was collected. Participants with missing data on either the MS or MTS were removed from the data, leaving a total sample size of 948 individuals. The samples were randomly divided in half for the EFA and CFA models (N = 474 each). The IRT and correlation analyses used the combined sample of 948 individuals.

2.2 Measures
Maximizing Tendency Scale (MTS). The MTS (Diab et al., 2008) is composed of nine items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MTS in our full (combined) sample was α = .78. Maximization Scale (MS). Like the MTS, the MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of thirteen items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 7- point response scale with response options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MS in our full (combined) sample was α = .71. Indecisiveness. The indecisiveness scale (Frost &
Shows, 1993) is composed of 15 items that are designed to measure compulsive indecisiveness. The items are
rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging
from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher
scores indicate greater levels of indecisiveness. The reliability
of the indecisiveness scale in our full (combined)
sample was α = .84.
Avoidant Decision Making. The avoidant decision
making measure (Scott & Bruce, 1995) is composed of
five items that are designed to measure the extent to
which an individual puts off making an important decision.
The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response
scale with options ranging from strongly disagree
(1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater
levels of avoidance. The reliability of the avoidant decision
making measure in our full (combined) sample was
α = .90.
Regret. The Schwartz Regret Scale (Schwartz et al.,
2002) is composed of five items that are designed to measure
regret following a decision. The items are rated
on a 7-point response scale with options ranging from
completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher
scores indicate greater levels of post–decision regret. The
reliability of the regret scale in our full (combined) sample
was α = .65.
Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Scale (Goldberg
et al., 2006) is composed of 20 items presented
as short statements that would describe an individual as
generally depressed, moody, doubt–filled, etc. Participants
are asked to respond to each statement using a 5-
point response scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to
strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels
of neuroticism. The reliability of the neuroticism scale in
our full (combined) sample was α = .93.
Life Satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener
et al., 1985) is composed of five items that are designed
to measure the extent to which an individual is
satisfied with with the current conditions in his or her
life. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with
options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly
agree (5). Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction.
The reliability of the life satisfaction scale in our
full (combined) sample was α = .85.
Depression. The Center for Epidemiological Studies
Depression Scale (Cole et al., 2004) is composed of
20 items that are designed to measure depression-related
feelings that an individual has been having in the past
week. Responses based on frequency of the feelings and
are categorized into five options that are scored from zero
to four. Higher scores indicate more depression-related
feelings. The reliability of the depression scale in our full
(combined) sample was α = .93.
Subjective Happiness. The subjective happiness scale
(Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) is composed of four items
designed to measure a general (dispositional) level of
happiness. The items are rated on a 7-point response
scale with response options tailored to each item. Higher
scores indicate a greater levels of happiness. The reliability
of the subjective happiness scale in our full (combined)
sample was α = .82.
Optimism. The Optimism Scale (Scheier et al., 1994)
is composed of six items designed to measure general
feelings of optimism for future events. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of optimism.
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2 Method2.1 SamplesParticipants were undergraduate students from a large Midwestern U.S. university (N = 751) and a large Northeastern university (N = 234) in the United States. No demographic information was collected. Participants with missing data on either the MS or MTS were removed from the data, leaving a total sample size of 948 individuals. The samples were randomly divided in half for the EFA and CFA models (N = 474 each). The IRT and correlation analyses used the combined sample of 948 individuals.2.2 MeasuresMaximizing Tendency Scale (MTS). The MTS (Diab et al., 2008) is composed of nine items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MTS in our full (combined) sample was α = .78. Maximization Scale (MS). Like the MTS, the MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) is composed of thirteen items that are designed to measure an individual’s tendency toward making optimal decisions. The items are rated on a 7- point response scale with response options ranging from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higher scores indicate a greater tendency toward maximizing. The reliability of the MS in our full (combined) sample was α = .71. Indecisiveness. The indecisiveness scale (Frost &Shows, 1993) is composed of 15 items that are designed to measure compulsive indecisiveness. The items arerated on a 5-point response scale with options rangingfrom strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higherscores indicate greater levels of indecisiveness. The reliabilityof the indecisiveness scale in our full (combined)sample was α = .84.Avoidant Decision Making. The avoidant decisionmaking measure (Scott & Bruce, 1995) is composed offive items that are designed to measure the extent towhich an individual puts off making an important decision.The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type responsescale with options ranging from strongly disagree(1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greaterlevels of avoidance. The reliability of the avoidant decisionmaking measure in our full (combined) sample wasα = .90.Regret. The Schwartz Regret Scale (Schwartz et al.,2002) is composed of five items that are designed to measureregret following a decision. The items are ratedon a 7-point response scale with options ranging fromcompletely disagree (1) to completely agree (7). Higherscores indicate greater levels of post–decision regret. Thereliability of the regret scale in our full (combined) samplewas α = .65.Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Scale (Goldberget al., 2006) is composed of 20 items presentedas short statements that would describe an individual asgenerally depressed, moody, doubt–filled, etc. Participantsare asked to respond to each statement using a 5-point response scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) tostrongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levelsof neuroticism. The reliability of the neuroticism scale inour full (combined) sample was α = .93.Life Satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (Dieneret al., 1985) is composed of five items that are designedto measure the extent to which an individual issatisfied with with the current conditions in his or herlife. The items are rated on a 5-point response scale withoptions ranging from strongly disagree (1) to stronglyagree (5). Higher scores indicate higher levels of satisfaction.The reliability of the life satisfaction scale in ourfull (combined) sample was α = .85.Depression. The Center for Epidemiological StudiesDepression Scale (Cole et al., 2004) is composed of20 items that are designed to measure depression-relatedfeelings that an individual has been having in the pastweek. Responses based on frequency of the feelings andare categorized into five options that are scored from zeroto four. Higher scores indicate more depression-relatedfeelings. The reliability of the depression scale in our full(combined) sample was α = .93.Subjective Happiness. The subjective happiness scale(Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) is composed of four itemsdesigned to measure a general (dispositional) level ofhappiness. The items are rated on a 7-point responsescale with response options tailored to each item. Higherscores indicate a greater levels of happiness. The reliabilityof the subjective happiness scale in our full (combined)sample was α = .82.Optimism. The Optimism Scale (Scheier et al., 1994)is composed of six items designed to measure generalfeelings of optimism for future events. The items are rated on a 5-point Likert–Type response scale with options ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Higher scores indicate greater levels of optimism.
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2 Metode
2.1 Sampel
Peserta adalah mahasiswa sarjana dari universitas besar Midwestern AS (N = 751) dan sebuah universitas besar Northeastern (N = 234) di Amerika Serikat. Tidak ada informasi demografis dikumpulkan. Peserta dengan data yang hilang di kedua MS atau MTS telah dihapus dari data, meninggalkan total ukuran sampel dari 948 individu. Sampel secara acak dibagi dalam setengah untuk EFA dan CFA model (setiap N = 474). IRT dan korelasi analisis yang digunakan sampel gabungan dari 948 orang. 2.2 Tindakan Memaksimalkan Skala Kecenderungan (MTS). MTS (Diab et al., 2008) terdiri dari sembilan item yang dirancang untuk mengukur kecenderungan individu terhadap pengambilan keputusan yang optimal. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih besar ke arah memaksimalkan. Keandalan MTS secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,78. Skala Maksimalisasi (MS). Seperti MTS, MS (Schwartz et al., 2002) terdiri dari tiga belas item yang dirancang untuk mengukur kecenderungan individu terhadap pengambilan keputusan yang optimal. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 7- titik dengan pilihan respon mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) untuk benar-benar setuju (7). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang lebih besar ke arah memaksimalkan. Keandalan MS secara penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,71. Keraguan. Skala keraguan (Frost & Shows, 1993) terdiri dari 15 item yang dirancang untuk mengukur keraguan kompulsif. Item dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Lebih tinggi skor menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari keraguan. Keandalan dari skala keraguan penuh (gabungan) kami sampel adalah α = 0,84. Avoidant Pengambilan Keputusan. Keputusan avoidant pembuatan ukuran (Scott & Bruce, 1995) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur sejauh mana seorang individu menempatkan off membuat keputusan penting. Item yang dinilai pada 5-titik Likert-Type respon skala dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan lebih besar tingkat penghindaran. Keandalan avoidant keputusan membuat ukuran penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,90. Penyesalan. Schwartz Skala Penyesalan (Schwartz et al., 2002) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur menyesal mengikuti keputusan. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 7 titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) untuk benar-benar setuju (7). Lebih tinggi skor menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari pasca-keputusan penyesalan. The keandalan skala penyesalan penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,65. Neuroticism. The Goldberg Neuroticism Skala (Goldberg et al., 2006) terdiri dari 20 item yang disajikan sebagai pernyataan singkat yang akan menggambarkan individu sebagai umumnya depresi, murung, tidak diragukan penuh, dll Peserta diminta untuk menanggapi setiap pernyataan menggunakan 5- skala respon titik mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari neurotisisme. Keandalan skala neurotisme di penuh (gabungan) sampel kami adalah α = 0,93. Kepuasan Hidup. Kepuasan Dengan Skala Hidup (Diener et al., 1985) terdiri dari lima item yang dirancang untuk mengukur sejauh mana seorang individu puas dengan dengan kondisi saat ini di nya kehidupan. Item yang dinilai pada skala respon 5-titik dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) untuk sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan. Keandalan dari skala kepuasan hidup di kami penuh (gabungan) sampel adalah α = 0,85. Depresi. Pusat Epidemiologi Studi Skala Depresi (Cole et al., 2004) terdiri dari 20 item yang dirancang untuk mengukur depresi terkait perasaan bahwa seseorang telah memiliki di masa lalu minggu. Tanggapan berdasarkan frekuensi perasaan dan dikategorikan ke dalam lima pilihan yang mencetak gol dari nol sampai empat. Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan depresi terkait lebih perasaan. Keandalan skala depresi secara penuh kami (gabungan) sampel adalah α = 0,93. Kebahagiaan subyektif. Skala subjektif kebahagiaan (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) terdiri dari empat item yang dirancang untuk mengukur umum (disposisional) tingkat kebahagiaan. Item yang dinilai pada respon 7-titik skala dengan pilihan respon yang disesuaikan dengan masing-masing item. Lebih tinggi skor menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari kebahagiaan. Keandalan dari skala kebahagiaan subjektif penuh (gabungan) kami sampel adalah α = 0,82. Optimisme. Skala Optimisme (Scheier et al., 1994) terdiri dari enam item yang dirancang untuk mengukur umum perasaan optimisme untuk masa depan peristiwa. Item yang dinilai pada 5-titik skala Likert respon-Type dengan pilihan mulai dari sangat tidak setuju (1) ke sangat setuju (5). Skor yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih besar dari optimisme.
































































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