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April 18th, 2013
02:17 PM ET
Time to face the past in Aceh
By Isabelle Arradon, Special to CNN
Editor’s note: Isabelle Arradon is deputy Asia-Pacific director of Amnesty International. The views expressed are her own.
From the outside, it looked like just one of the many large traditional houses you find across Aceh, Indonesia. But at the height of the military operations during the Aceh conflict in the 1990s, locals would call it the “torture chamber.”
The house, also known as Rumoh Geudong, was taken over by the Indonesian military’s feared Kopassus special operations command in 1990. Between 1997 and 1998, possibly hundreds of men and women are thought to have been tortured or even killed there, all because they were suspected of ties to the armed pro-independence movement Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM).
A fact-finding team from Indonesia’s national human rights commission arrived in 1998 to investigate the house, and found electric cables and human remains on the floor, and blood stains on the walls. Witnesses reported that the military had ordered them to dig up human bones from the premises before the team’s arrival.
The Indonesian attorney general set up an investigation into what happened in the house in 1999, but to this day no one has been brought to justice for the serious crimes perpetrated there.
The Rumoh Geudong case is a chilling example of the Indonesian government’s failure both at the local and central levels to provide truth, justice and reparation to victims of the Aceh conflict, a situation Amnesty International is highlighting in a new report released today.
The Aceh conflict between the Indonesian military and GAM started in 1976, when local resentment boiled over into armed violence. It reached high levels of violence during the years of military operations between 1989 and 2004, and officially ended in 2005 with a peace agreement that has largely held since. It took a devastating toll on the local population – between 10,000 and 30,000 people were killed, many of them civilians.
Amnesty International and other human rights groups have documented a range of crimes committed by members of the security forces and their auxiliaries against the civilian population, including unlawful killings, forcible displacement of civilians, enforced disappearances and torture. Human rights abuses by GAM are believed to have included hostage taking and the targeted killings of those suspected of ties to the government.
The conflict is still an open wound for the local population, and the lack of truth and justice is causing immense suffering. Families are still in the dark about what has happened to hundreds of “disappeared” loved ones, while the authorities’ attempts to provide reparation for victims have at best been patchy, and at worst wholly inadequate.
Meanwhile, only a very few of those responsible for human rights abuses have been prosecuted. The Indonesian government’s failure to properly investigate what happened during the Aceh conflict is inexcusable.
Many of the human rights abuses committed during the conflict amount to crimes under international law – that is possible crimes against humanity and war crimes, enforced disappearances, extrajudicial executions and torture. Under international law, these crimes must be investigated and those responsible held accountable.
Furthermore, the 2005 peace agreement included specific calls for the establishment of both a Human Rights Court and a Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Aceh. But, almost eight years after the conflict’s end, neither of these crucial bodies has been set up – and there appears to be very little political will to do so.
The lack of information about what happened during the conflict means that a culture of impunity persists in Aceh. Most perpetrators of crimes under international law have never been brought before an independent civilian court of law, and not a single new case has been prosecuted since the peace agreement.
Victims and family members whose lives were torn apart by the conflict are still struggling to get by. The authorities’ limited attempts at compensation have been mostly financial and aimed at the Acehnese population as a whole, instead of targeting individual victims of past abuses.
No comprehensive reparation program has been put into place, while some groups, such as the large number of women who were subjected to sexual violence, have been left out completely.
The current situation is not only seriously affecting the rule of law in Aceh and the whole of Indonesia, but also feeding resentment that could erupt in future violence. It is therefore crucial that the Indonesian authorities immediately set up a truth commission that meets international standards, and that can find out what happened during the Aceh conflict. Those suspected of crimes must be prosecuted and brought to justice.
By addressing the situation, the Indonesian government would not only secure the Aceh peace process in the long term, but also set an example for other parts of Indonesia where past crimes remain unaddressed.
As one representative of an Aceh victims’ group told us: “We are still fighting, not against the government, but for the government to remember what happened to us. They do not have the right to forget.”
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