BLOOD IN THE URINE (HEMATURIA)There are many reasons why a person can  terjemahan - BLOOD IN THE URINE (HEMATURIA)There are many reasons why a person can  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

BLOOD IN THE URINE (HEMATURIA)There

BLOOD IN THE URINE (HEMATURIA)
There are many reasons why a person can have blood in their urine. This condition, known as hematuria, can be an indication of a serious problem or conversely, have no negative connotation. What should you do if you find out that there's blood in your urine? Read the following to learn more.
What is hematuria?
Hematuria is defined as the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be characterized as either "gross" (visible to the naked eye) or "microscopic" (visible only under the microscope). Microscopic hematuria is an incidental finding often discovered on urine tests as part of a routine medical evaluation, whereas gross hematuria could prompt you to visit the doctor. Hematuria can originate from any site along the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate and urethra. It is estimated that hematuria occurs in 2.5 to 21 percent of the population. In many patients no specific cause is found; however, hematuria may be a marker for infection, stone disease or urinary tract cancer. Risk factors for significant underlying disease include: smoking, radiation, overuse of some pain medicines and exposure to certain chemicals.
What are the common causes of hematuria?
Blood in the urine is often not a sign of significant disease. Studies have shown that between nine to 18 percent of normal individuals can have some degree of hematuria. However, hematuria can be a sign of an important medical condition requiring treatment. Below is a list of common causes of hematuria:
• Bladder Cancer
• Kidney Cancer
• Prostate Cancer
• Ureteral Cancer
• Urethral Cancer
• Urinary Stone Disease
• Urinary Tract Infection
• Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
• Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (Enlarged Prostate)
• Renal (Kidney) Disease
• Radiation or Chemical Induced Cystitis (Bladder Irritation)
• Injury to the Urinary Tract
• Prostatitis (Prostate Infection)
• Exercise Hematuria
How is hematuria diagnosed?
Visible hematuria is often worrisome to the patient and prompts them to seek medical attention; however, microscopic hematuria can be just as severe. It often has no symptoms and is detected on a urine dipstick test. If the dipstick test is positive for blood the amount of blood is often determined by looking at the urine with a microscope. If three or more red blood cells (RBC) are seen per high power field on two of three specimens, further evaluation to determine a cause is recommended.
What additional tests are needed?
Any patient with gross hematuria or significant microscopic hematuria should have further evaluation of the urinary tract. The first step is a careful history and physical examination. Laboratory analysis consists of a urinalysis and examination of urinary sediment under a microscope. The urine should be evaluated for protein (a sign of kidney disease) and evidence of urinary tract infection. The number of red blood cells per high-powered field should be determined. In addition the shape of the blood cells should be evaluated. This can help determine where the bleeding is coming from. In patients with white blood cells in the urine, a urine culture should be performed as well. A urinary cytology is also obtained to look for abnormal cells in the urine. A blood test should also be done to measure serum creatinine (a measure of kidney function). Those patients with significant protein in their urine, abnormally shaped red blood cells, or an elevated creatinine level should undergo general medical evaluation for the presence of kidney disease.
A complete urologic evaluation for hematuria also includes X-rays of the kidneys and ureters to detect kidney masses, tumors of the ureters and the presence of urinary stones. This traditionally consisted of an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). In this study, a radiographic dye is injected into the blood stream and X-rays are taken as the kidneys excrete the dye. This study has trouble detecting small renal masses and is often combined with a renal ultrasound.
Many physicians may opt for other imaging studies such as a computerized tomography (CT) scan. This is the preferred method of evaluating kidney masses and is the best modality for the evaluation of urinary stones. Recently many urologists have been using CT urography. This allows the urologist to look at the kidneys and ureters with one X-ray test. In patients with an elevated creatinine or an allergy to X-ray dye, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or retrograde pyelography is used to evaluate the upper urinary tract. During retrograde pyelography, the patient is taken to the operating room and dye is injected up the ureters from the bladder and then images are taken.
The main limitation of these imaging studies is the inability to evaluate the bladder; therefore a cystoscopic evaluation is required. This is usually performed in the office under local anesthesia with either a rigid, or more commonly, a flexible cystoscope. After applying a topical analgesic to the urethra the urologist inserts an instrument called a cystoscope through the urethra and into the bladder. Looking through the cystoscope the doctor can examine the inner lining of the bladder and urethra for abnormalities.
What happens if no abnormality is found?
In at least eight to 10 percent of cases no cause for hematuria is found. Some studies have demonstrated an even higher percentage of patients have no cause. Unfortunately, studies have shown that urologic malignancy is later discovered in one to three percent of patients with negative work-ups. Therefore, some form of follow-up is recommended. Recommendations regarding follow-up are sparse and no clear consensus has been agreed upon. Consideration should be given to repeating the urinalysis and urine cytology at six, 12, 24 and 36 months. Immediate re-evaluation with possible cystoscopy and repeat imaging should be performed in the face of gross hematuria, abnormal urinary cytology or irritating urinary symptoms such as pain with urination or increased frequency of urination. If none of these symptoms occur within three years, no further urologic testing is needed.
How will hematuria be treated?
Treatment will be based on a physician's evaluation of the patient's condition, symptoms and medical history along with the cause of the hematuria.
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
DARAH di THE URIN (HEMATURIA)
ada banyak alasan mengapa seseorang dapat memiliki darah dalam urin mereka. Kondisi ini, dikenal sebagai hematuria, bisa menjadi indikasi masalah serius atau sebaliknya, memiliki konotasi negatif tidak. Apa yang harus Anda lakukan jika Anda menemukan bahwa ada darah dalam urin Anda? Membaca berikut untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut.
Apakah hematuria?
Hematuria didefinisikan sebagai kehadiran sel darah merah dalam urin. Hal dapat ditandai sebagai "kotor" (terlihat dengan mata telanjang) atau "mikroskopis" (terlihat hanya di bawah mikroskop). Mikroskopis hematuria adalah tak terduga menemukan sering ditemukan pada tes urine sebagai bagian dari evaluasi medis rutin, sedangkan bruto hematuria bisa meminta Anda untuk mengunjungi dokter. Hematuria dapat berasal dari situs sepanjang saluran kemih, termasuk ginjal, ureter, kandung kemih, prostat, dan uretra. Diperkirakan bahwa hematuria terjadi dalam 2,5 sampai 21 persen dari populasi. Dalam banyak pasien penyebab spesifik tidak ditemukan; Namun, hematuria mungkin penanda untuk infeksi, penyakit batu atau kanker saluran kemih. Faktor risiko untuk penyakit yang mendasari signifikan termasuk: Merokok, radiasi, berlebihan beberapa obat sakit dan paparan bahan kimia tertentu.
apa adalah penyebab umum dari hematuria?
darah dalam urin ini sering tidak tanda penyakit yang signifikan. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa antara sembilan sampai 18 persen dari individu normal dapat memiliki beberapa tingkat hematuria. Namun, hematuria dapat menjadi tanda penting kondisi medis yang memerlukan pengobatan. Berikut adalah daftar penyebab umum hematuria:
• kanker kandung kemih
• kanker ginjal
• kanker prostat
• kanker saluran kemih
• uretra kanker
• penyakit batu kemih
• infeksi saluran kemih
• Pielonefritis (infeksi ginjal)
• hipertrofi prostat jinak (diperbesar prostat)
• penyakit ginjal (ginjal)
• radiasi atau kimia diinduksi sistitis (iritasi kandung kemih)
• Cedera saluran kemih
• Prostatitis (infeksi prostat)
• latihan Hematuria
bagaimana hematuria didiagnosis?
terlihat hematuria sering mengkhawatirkan kepada pasien dan meminta mereka untuk mencari perhatian medis; Namun, hematuria mikroskopis dapat hanya sebagai parah. Ini sering tidak memiliki gejala dan terdeteksi pada dipstick urin. Jika tes dipstick positif untuk darah jumlah darah sering ditentukan oleh memandang urin dengan mikroskop. Jika tiga atau lebih sel darah merah (RBC) terlihat setiap daya tinggi bidang pada dua dari tiga spesimen, lebih lanjut evaluasi untuk menentukan penyebab dianjurkan.
tes tambahan apa yang diperlukan?
Setiap pasien dengan hematuria kotor atau signifikan mikroskopis hematuria seharusnya lebih lanjut evaluasi saluran kemih. Langkah pertama adalah sejarah berhati-hati dan pemeriksaan fisik. Analisis laboratorium terdiri dari urine dan pemeriksaan urin sedimen di bawah mikroskop. Urin harus dievaluasi untuk protein (tanda penyakit ginjal) dan bukti infeksi saluran kemih. Jumlah sel darah merah per bertenaga tinggi bidang harus ditentukan. Selain bentuk sel darah harus dievaluasi. Ini dapat membantu menentukan mana perdarahan datang dari. Pada pasien dengan sel darah putih dalam urin, budaya urin harus dilakukan juga. Sitologi kemih juga diperoleh untuk mencari sel-sel abnormal dalam urin. Tes darah juga dapat dilakukan untuk mengukur kreatinin serum (ukuran fungsi ginjal). Pasien-pasien dengan signifikan protein dalam urin mereka, abnormal berbentuk sel darah merah, atau tingkat tinggi kreatinin harus menjalani evaluasi medis umum keberadaan penyakit ginjal.
Evaluasi urologi yang lengkap hematuria juga mencakup X-Ray ginjal dan ureter untuk mendeteksi ginjal massa, tumor ureter dan kehadiran batu kemih. Ini secara tradisional terdiri dari pyelogram intravena (IVP). Dalam studi ini, pewarna radiografi disuntikkan ke dalam aliran darah dan X-Ray yang diambil ketika mengeluarkan ginjal pewarna. Studi ini bermasalah dalam mendeteksi massa ginjal yang kecil dan sering dikombinasikan dengan USG ginjal.
banyak dokter dapat memilih untuk studi pencitraan lain seperti computerized tomography (CT) scan. Ini adalah metode yang disukai dalam mengevaluasi massa ginjal dan modalitas terbaik untuk evaluasi untuk batu saluran kemih. Baru-baru ini banyak ahli Urologi telah menggunakan CT Urografi. Hal ini memungkinkan ahli Urologi untuk melihat ginjal dan ureter dengan satu tes X-ray. Pada pasien dengan kreatinin ditinggikan atau alergi X-ray Dye, Pencitraan Resonansi Magnetis (MRI) atau mundur pyelography digunakan untuk mengevaluasi saluran kemih atas. Selama pyelography mundur, pasien dibawa ke ruang operasi dan dye disuntikkan ke ureter dari kandung kemih dan kemudian gambar diambil.
keterbatasan utama ini studi pencitraan adalah ketidakmampuan untuk mengevaluasi kandung kemih; oleh karena itu sebuah evaluasi cystoscopic diperlukan. Hal ini biasanya dilakukan di kantor di bawah anestesi lokal dengan kaku, atau lebih umumnya, terang cystoscope fleksibel. Setelah menerapkan analgesik topikal ke uretra urolog menyisipkan instrumen disebut terang cystoscope melalui uretra dan ke kandung kemih. Melihat melalui terang-cystoscope dokter dapat memeriksa lapisan kandung kemih dan uretra untuk kelainan.
apa yang terjadi jika tidak ada kelainan ditemukan?
setidaknya delapan sampai 10 persen dari kasus tidak menyebabkan hematuria ditemukan. Beberapa studi telah menunjukkan bahkan memiliki persentase lebih tinggi dari pasien tidak menyebabkan. Sayangnya, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa urologi keganasan kemudian ditemukan di satu sampai tiga persen pasien dengan kerja-up negatif. Oleh karena itu, beberapa bentuk tindak lanjut dianjurkan. Rekomendasi mengenai tindak lanjut jarang dan ada konsensus yang jelas telah disepakati. Pertimbangan harus diberikan untuk mengulangi sitologi urine dan urin di enam, 12, 24 dan 36 bulan. Re-evaluasi segera dengan kemungkinan cystoscopy dan ulangi pencitraan harus dilakukan dalam menghadapi hematuria kotor, sitologi kemih abnormal atau menjengkelkan kencing gejala seperti nyeri buang air kecil atau peningkatan frekuensi berkemih. Jika tidak ada gejala ini terjadi dalam waktu tiga tahun, tidak lagi urologi pengujian diperlukan.
Bagaimana akan hematuria diperlakukan?
pengobatan akan didasarkan pada evaluasi dari dokter kondisi pasien, gejala dan sejarah medis dengan penyebab hematuria.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
BLOOD IN THE URINE (HEMATURIA)
There are many reasons why a person can have blood in their urine. This condition, known as hematuria, can be an indication of a serious problem or conversely, have no negative connotation. What should you do if you find out that there's blood in your urine? Read the following to learn more.
What is hematuria?
Hematuria is defined as the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be characterized as either "gross" (visible to the naked eye) or "microscopic" (visible only under the microscope). Microscopic hematuria is an incidental finding often discovered on urine tests as part of a routine medical evaluation, whereas gross hematuria could prompt you to visit the doctor. Hematuria can originate from any site along the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate and urethra. It is estimated that hematuria occurs in 2.5 to 21 percent of the population. In many patients no specific cause is found; however, hematuria may be a marker for infection, stone disease or urinary tract cancer. Risk factors for significant underlying disease include: smoking, radiation, overuse of some pain medicines and exposure to certain chemicals.
What are the common causes of hematuria?
Blood in the urine is often not a sign of significant disease. Studies have shown that between nine to 18 percent of normal individuals can have some degree of hematuria. However, hematuria can be a sign of an important medical condition requiring treatment. Below is a list of common causes of hematuria:
• Bladder Cancer
• Kidney Cancer
• Prostate Cancer
• Ureteral Cancer
• Urethral Cancer
• Urinary Stone Disease
• Urinary Tract Infection
• Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection)
• Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (Enlarged Prostate)
• Renal (Kidney) Disease
• Radiation or Chemical Induced Cystitis (Bladder Irritation)
• Injury to the Urinary Tract
• Prostatitis (Prostate Infection)
• Exercise Hematuria
How is hematuria diagnosed?
Visible hematuria is often worrisome to the patient and prompts them to seek medical attention; however, microscopic hematuria can be just as severe. It often has no symptoms and is detected on a urine dipstick test. If the dipstick test is positive for blood the amount of blood is often determined by looking at the urine with a microscope. If three or more red blood cells (RBC) are seen per high power field on two of three specimens, further evaluation to determine a cause is recommended.
What additional tests are needed?
Any patient with gross hematuria or significant microscopic hematuria should have further evaluation of the urinary tract. The first step is a careful history and physical examination. Laboratory analysis consists of a urinalysis and examination of urinary sediment under a microscope. The urine should be evaluated for protein (a sign of kidney disease) and evidence of urinary tract infection. The number of red blood cells per high-powered field should be determined. In addition the shape of the blood cells should be evaluated. This can help determine where the bleeding is coming from. In patients with white blood cells in the urine, a urine culture should be performed as well. A urinary cytology is also obtained to look for abnormal cells in the urine. A blood test should also be done to measure serum creatinine (a measure of kidney function). Those patients with significant protein in their urine, abnormally shaped red blood cells, or an elevated creatinine level should undergo general medical evaluation for the presence of kidney disease.
A complete urologic evaluation for hematuria also includes X-rays of the kidneys and ureters to detect kidney masses, tumors of the ureters and the presence of urinary stones. This traditionally consisted of an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). In this study, a radiographic dye is injected into the blood stream and X-rays are taken as the kidneys excrete the dye. This study has trouble detecting small renal masses and is often combined with a renal ultrasound.
Many physicians may opt for other imaging studies such as a computerized tomography (CT) scan. This is the preferred method of evaluating kidney masses and is the best modality for the evaluation of urinary stones. Recently many urologists have been using CT urography. This allows the urologist to look at the kidneys and ureters with one X-ray test. In patients with an elevated creatinine or an allergy to X-ray dye, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or retrograde pyelography is used to evaluate the upper urinary tract. During retrograde pyelography, the patient is taken to the operating room and dye is injected up the ureters from the bladder and then images are taken.
The main limitation of these imaging studies is the inability to evaluate the bladder; therefore a cystoscopic evaluation is required. This is usually performed in the office under local anesthesia with either a rigid, or more commonly, a flexible cystoscope. After applying a topical analgesic to the urethra the urologist inserts an instrument called a cystoscope through the urethra and into the bladder. Looking through the cystoscope the doctor can examine the inner lining of the bladder and urethra for abnormalities.
What happens if no abnormality is found?
In at least eight to 10 percent of cases no cause for hematuria is found. Some studies have demonstrated an even higher percentage of patients have no cause. Unfortunately, studies have shown that urologic malignancy is later discovered in one to three percent of patients with negative work-ups. Therefore, some form of follow-up is recommended. Recommendations regarding follow-up are sparse and no clear consensus has been agreed upon. Consideration should be given to repeating the urinalysis and urine cytology at six, 12, 24 and 36 months. Immediate re-evaluation with possible cystoscopy and repeat imaging should be performed in the face of gross hematuria, abnormal urinary cytology or irritating urinary symptoms such as pain with urination or increased frequency of urination. If none of these symptoms occur within three years, no further urologic testing is needed.
How will hematuria be treated?
Treatment will be based on a physician's evaluation of the patient's condition, symptoms and medical history along with the cause of the hematuria.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2024 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: