introDuctionIn 1966, W. F. Sharpe developed what is now known as the S terjemahan - introDuctionIn 1966, W. F. Sharpe developed what is now known as the S Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

introDuctionIn 1966, W. F. Sharpe d

introDuction
In 1966, W. F. Sharpe developed what is now known as the Sharpe ratio. Sharpe originally called it the “reward-to- variability” ratio before academics and financial operators began referring to it as the Sharpe ratio. Sharpe ratio is defined as:
(i)
practical limitations of sharpe ratio

Valid only for normally distributed returns
The Sharpe ratio is a commonly used measure of portfolio performance. However, because it is based on the mean- variance theory, it is valid only for either normally distributed returns or quadratic preferences. In other words, the Sharpe ratio is a meaningful measure of portfolio performance when the risk can be adequately measured by standard deviation.

distribution of hedge fund returns as well as short term
portfolios deviate significantly from normality.
Abnormalities like kurtosis, fatter tails and higher peaks, or skewness on the distribution can be problematic for the ratio, as standard deviation doesn’t have the same effectiveness when these problems exist.
Prone to Manipulations
Evaluation of the performances of hedge funds using the SR1 seems to be dubious. It has been observed that the SR is prone to manipulations by the hedge funds and mutual funds manager. Even if the NAV2 doesn’t suggest positive returns, the SR can be shown positive by manipulating the returns on portfolio and showing it positive and at times higher than the risk free rate of return even though the NAVs do not suggest so. The manipulation of the SR consists largely in selling the upside return potential, thus creating a distribution with high left-tail risk. Hence, SRs tend to be overstated in the case of hedge funds with short track records.

The Sharpe ratio can lead to misleading conclusions when

return distributions are skewed. It is well known that the
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introDuctionIn 1966, W. F. Sharpe developed what is now known as the Sharpe ratio. Sharpe originally called it the “reward-to- variability” ratio before academics and financial operators began referring to it as the Sharpe ratio. Sharpe ratio is defined as: (i)practical limitations of sharpe ratioValid only for normally distributed returnsThe Sharpe ratio is a commonly used measure of portfolio performance. However, because it is based on the mean- variance theory, it is valid only for either normally distributed returns or quadratic preferences. In other words, the Sharpe ratio is a meaningful measure of portfolio performance when the risk can be adequately measured by standard deviation. distribution of hedge fund returns as well as short termportfolios deviate significantly from normality.Abnormalities like kurtosis, fatter tails and higher peaks, or skewness on the distribution can be problematic for the ratio, as standard deviation doesn’t have the same effectiveness when these problems exist.Prone to ManipulationsEvaluation of the performances of hedge funds using the SR1 seems to be dubious. It has been observed that the SR is prone to manipulations by the hedge funds and mutual funds manager. Even if the NAV2 doesn’t suggest positive returns, the SR can be shown positive by manipulating the returns on portfolio and showing it positive and at times higher than the risk free rate of return even though the NAVs do not suggest so. The manipulation of the SR consists largely in selling the upside return potential, thus creating a distribution with high left-tail risk. Hence, SRs tend to be overstated in the case of hedge funds with short track records. The Sharpe ratio can lead to misleading conclusions when return distributions are skewed. It is well known that the
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PENDAHULUAN
Pada tahun 1966, WF Sharpe mengembangkan apa yang sekarang dikenal sebagai rasio Sharpe. Sharpe awalnya disebut sebagai "reward-to-variabilitas" rasio sebelum akademisi dan pengelola keuangan mulai menyebutnya sebagai rasio Sharpe. Rasio Sharpe didefinisikan sebagai:
(i)
keterbatasan praktis rasio Sharpe Hanya berlaku untuk pengembalian terdistribusi secara normal Rasio Sharpe adalah ukuran yang umum digunakan kinerja portofolio. Namun, karena didasarkan pada teori varians makna, itu hanya berlaku untuk baik kembali terdistribusi normal atau preferensi kuadrat. Dengan kata lain, rasio Sharpe adalah ukuran yang berarti kinerja portofolio ketika risiko bisa cukup diukur dengan standar deviasi. Distribusi hedge fund kembali serta jangka pendek portofolio menyimpang secara signifikan dari normalitas. Kelainan seperti kurtosis, ekor gemuk dan puncak yang lebih tinggi , atau kemiringan pada distribusi dapat menjadi masalah bagi rasio, seperti standar deviasi tidak memiliki efektivitas yang sama ketika masalah ini ada. Rawan Manipulasi Evaluasi kinerja hedge fund menggunakan SR1 tampaknya meragukan. Telah diamati bahwa SR adalah rentan terhadap manipulasi oleh manajer hedge fund dan reksa dana. Bahkan jika NAV2 tidak menyarankan hasil yang positif, SR dapat ditampilkan positif dengan memanipulasi pengembalian portofolio dan menunjukkan itu positif dan pada kali lebih tinggi dari tingkat bebas risiko pengembalian meskipun NAVs tidak menyarankan begitu. Manipulasi SR yang sebagian besar terdiri dalam menjual potensi pengembalian terbalik, sehingga menciptakan distribusi dengan risiko kiri-ekor tinggi. Oleh karena itu, SR cenderung dilebih-lebihkan dalam kasus dana lindung nilai dengan track record yang singkat. Rasio Sharpe dapat menyebabkan kesimpulan yang menyesatkan ketika distribusi pulang miring. Hal ini juga diketahui bahwa













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