Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
II. E xplanatory Note by the UNCITRALSecretariaton the United Nations Conventionon Contracts for the InternationalSale of GoodsThis note has been prepared by the Secretariat of the United NationsCommissionon International Trade Law for informational purposes; it isnot an official commentary on the Convention.Introduction1. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the InternationalSale of Goods provides a uniform text of law for international sales ofgoods. The Convention was prepared by the United Nations Commissionon InternationalTrade Law (UNCITRAL) and adopted by a diplomaticconferenceon 11 April 1980.2. Preparation of a uniform law for the international sale of goods beganin 1930 at the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law(UNIDROIT) in Rome. After a long interruption in the work as a result ofthe Second World War, the draft was submitted to a diplomatic conferencein The Hague in 1964, which adopted two conventions, one on the internationalsale of goods and the other on the formation of contracts for the internationalsale of goods.3. Almost immediately upon the adoption of the two conventions therewas widespread criticism of their provisions as reflecting primarily the legaltraditions and economic realities of continental Western Europe, which wasthe region that had most actively contributed to their preparation. As a result,one of the first tasks undertaken by UNCITRAL on its organization in 1968was to enquire of States whether or not they intended to adhere to thoseconventions and the reasons for their positions. In the light of the responsesreceived, UNCITRAL decided to study the two conventions to ascertainwhich modifications might render them capable of wider acceptance bycountries of different legal, social and economic systems. The result of thisstudy was the adoption by diplomatic conference on 11 April 1980 of the34 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,which combines the subject matter of the two prior conventions.4. UNCITRAL’s success in preparing a Convention with wider acceptabilityis evidenced by the fact that the original eleven States for which theConventioncame into force on 1 January 1988 included States from everygeographical region, every stage of economic development and every majorlegal, social and economic system. The original eleven States were: Argentina,China, Egypt, France, Hungary, Italy, Lesotho, Syria, United States, Yugoslaviaand Zambia.5. As of 1 September 2010, 76 States are parties to the Convention. Thecurrent updated status of the Convention is available on the UNCITRALwebsite.1 Authoritative information on the status of the Convention, as wellas on related declarations, including with respect to territorial applicationandsuccession of States, may be found on the United Nations Treaty Collectionon the Internet.26. The Convention is divided into four parts. Part One deals with the scopeof application of the Convention and the general provisions. Part Twocontainsthe rules governing the formation of contracts for the internationalsale of goods. Part Three deals with the substantive rights and obligationsof buyer and seller arising from the contract. Part Four contains the finalclauses of the Convention concerning such matters as how and when itcomes into force, the reservations and declarations that are permitted andthe application of the Convention to international sales where both Statesconcerned have the same or similar law on the subject.Part O ne. Scope of application and general provisionsA. Scope of application7. The articles on scope of application indicate both what is covered bythe Convention and what is not covered. The Convention applies to contractsof sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in differentStates and either both of those States are Contracting States or the rules ofprivate international law lead to the law of a Contracting State. A few Stateshave availed themselves of the authorization in article 95 to declare thatthey would apply the Convention only in the former and not in the latter ofthese two situations. As the Convention becomes more widely adopted, the1 www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/sale_goods/1980CISG_status.html.2 http://treaties.un.org/.II. Explanatory Note 35practical significance of such a declaration will diminish. Finally, theConventionmay also apply as the law applicable to the contract if so chosenby the parties. In that case, the operation of the Convention will be subjectto any limits on contractual stipulations set by the otherwise applicable law.8. The final clauses make two additional restrictions on the territorial scopeof application that will be relevant to a few States. One applies only if aState is a party to another international agreement that contains provisionsconcerning matters governed by this Convention; the other permits States thathave the same or similar domestic law of sales to declare that the Conventiondoes not apply between them.9. Contracts of sale are distinguished from contracts for services in tworespects by article 3. A contract for the supply of goods to be manufacturedor produced is considered to be a sale unless the party who orders the goodsundertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for theirmanufacture or production. When the preponderant part of the obligationsof the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour orother services, the Convention does not apply.10. The Convention contains a list of types of sales that are excluded fromthe Convention, either because of the purpose of the sale (goods bought forpersonal, family or household use), the nature of the sale (sale by auction,on execution or otherwise by law) or the nature of the goods (stocks, shares,investment securities, negotiable instruments, money, ships, vessels, hovercraft,aircraft or electricity). In many States some or all of such sales are governedby special rules reflecting their special nature.11. Several articles make clear that the subject matter of the Convention isrestricted to formation of the contract and the rights and duties of the buyerand seller arising from such a contract. In particular, the Convention is notconcerned with the validity of the contract, the effect which the contractmay have on the property in the goods sold or the liability of the seller fordeath or personal injury caused by the goods to any person.B. Party autonomy12. The basic principle of contractual freedom in the international sale ofgoods is recognized by the provision that permits the parties to exclude theapplication of this Convention or derogate from or vary the effect of any ofits provisions. This exclusion will occur, for example, if parties choose thelaw of a non-contracting State or the substantive domestic law of a contractingState as the law applicable to the contract. Derogation from the Convention
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
