points The performance of a companywide system will depend upon how effectively each subsystem is operated mid integrated into the activities of the whole.
Network analysis is a useful technique in systems design because it assists the analyst in recognizing and identifying the relationships which exist among the subsystems. First, each sep¬arate segment, or link, of the system is described in terms of other components or activities of the system. This makes explicit the total system and the interrelationships among the parts. The net¬work may be illustrated by a flow chart or diagram. The flow of materials and/or information -is measured in terms of volume, specifications, or time. The visual representation of the system achieves a comprehensive description and therefore outlines the task to be accomplished. This technique allows the manager to reappraise existing systems and identify examples of duplication and overlapping which may detract from the efficiency of the sys¬tems operation. Further, it helps management to evaluate the sub¬systems and their interconnecting networks continuously, con¬sistent with the overall objectives of the system.
Regular reevaluation of the system is necessary and feasible through network analysis. Objectives of a system are modified; different outputs are specified, and different inputs are required. It is important that subsystems are adjusted to these changes and that the total system is revised accordingly. Network analysis fosters this type of approach by representing the system visually. It also allows an evaluation of the impact of various subsystem changes on other subsysteths and/or the total system. A change in type of output or a change in scheduling in a particular subsystem can affect operations in other areas. The effect can be determined in units of time, money, facilities, or other resources.
Network analysis is a valuable technique because it encour¬ages introspection of an existing system or provides the frame¬work for visualizing the makeup of a proposed system. Predesign auditing may identify variations in performance which could occur. However, network analysis provides no guarantee of ef¬fective systems design. There is always the danger of assuming relationships among segments which do not exist, ignoring im¬portant relationships which should be considered, or weighing existing relationships improperly. Moreover, a system is dynamic, and every analysis needs to be monitored as the system continues to function, because the relationships among the segments may change.
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