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Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
1. Introduction
One of the macroeconomic challenges facing Nigeria governments in economic history has been the mainte-nance of price stability. The subject matter of inflation has received diverse attention due to its sensitivity to economic issues.
There has been an upsurge in inflationary rates leading to major economic distortions in Nigeria since the late 1970s, consequent to civil war, salary increment, and excess government spending. The gradual, but increasing, inflation rate became serious during the 1980s which was marked by several military interventions in governance. Within this period, the various military leaders who came into power pursued expansionary policies in economic management. The adoption of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), in 1986, was for the purpose of re-structuring and diversifying the productive base of the economy so as to reduce dependency on the oil sector and imports. Inflationary pressures during the SAP era of 1986-1990 was due largely to sundry factors, especially whole sale depreciation of the Naira on the foreign ex-change market, which increased the Naira prices of im-ported goods including raw materials and capital goods as well as an unprecedented growth in money supply during the period (Onoh, 1990) [1]. The outcome was a huge balance of payment deficit.
Although the magnitude of the inflationary rate con-tinues to vary overtime, all sectors of the economy have been affected by the shocks. The signs closely associated with these shocks are huge balance of payment deficits, high rates of inflation, declining domestic savings, growing government expenditure, falling agricultural production, decreased utilization of industrial capacity, poor transportation infrastructure, and poor levels of so-cial services. All these problems were financed through proceeds of the oil boom which resulted in increases in money supply and the subsequent effects on the economy through high general price levels.
Inflation, in the mid 1990’s, became worse due to sanctions against Nigeria by the international community. In the era of democracy which started in May, 1999, Ni-geria could not get to the single digit target level of infla-tion that it had achieved in the 1950s and the early 1960s. Though various fiscal and monetary policies were adopted by government to reduce the high and variable rates of inflation to a single and a relatively stable digit, there has not been any remarkable success due to some constraints such as instability of government, instability of Naira’s exchange rate, increased fiscal deficits, in-adequate policy co-ordination and unsustainable pressure on balance of payments. The problem of inflation in Ni-geria is chiefly associated with the failure to address the structural weakness in the economy, especially the fail-ure to diversify the economy, and reduce dependence on oil exports. Given the major distortions caused by infla-tion on the country’s economic growth and the living standard of the citizenry, it is pertinent therefore to look
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