Collecting the Sun’s EnergyTwo type

Collecting the Sun’s Energy
Two types of collectors capture
the Sun’s rays. If you look around your neighborhood, you
might see large, rectangular panels attached to the roofs of
buildings or houses. If, as in Figure 20, pipes come out of the
panel, it is a thermal collector. Using a black surface, a thermal
collector heats water by directly absorbing the Sun’s radiant
energy. Water circulating in this system can be heated to
about 70°C. The hot water can be pumped through the house to
provide heat. Also, the hot water can be used for washing and
bathing. If the panel has no pipes, it is a photovoltaic
(foh toh vol TAY ihk) collector, like the one pictured in
Figure 20. A photovoltaic is a device that transforms radiant
energy directly into electrical energy. Photovoltaics are used to
power calculators and satellites, including the International
Space Station.

Figure 20 Solar energy can be
collected and utilized by individuals
using thermal collectors or
photovoltaic collectors.

Geothermal Energy
Imagine you could take a journey to the center of
Earth—down to about 6,400 km below the surface. As
you went deeper and deeper, you would find the temperature
increasing. In fact, after going only about 3 km, the
temperature could have increased enough to boil water.
At a depth of 100 km, the temperature could be over
900°C. The heat generated inside Earth is called geothermal
energy. Some of this heat is produced when unstable
radioactive atoms inside Earth decay, converting nuclear
energy to thermal energy.
At some places deep within Earth the temperature is
hot enough to melt rock. This molten rock, or magma,
can rise up close to the surface through cracks in the
crust. During a volcanic eruption, magma reaches the
surface. In other places, magma gets close to the surface
and heats the rock around it.

Geothermal Reservoirs
In some regions where
magma is close to the surface, rainwater and water from
melted snow can seep down to the hot rock through
cracks and other openings in Earth’s surface. The water
then becomes hot and sometimes can form steam. The
hot water and steam can be trapped under high pressure
in cracks and pockets called geothermal reservoirs. In
some places, the hot water and steam are close enough to
the surface to form hot springs and geysers.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Mengumpulkan energi matahariDua jenis menangkap kolektorsinar matahari. Jika Anda melihat di sekitar lingkungan Anda, Andamungkin melihat panel besar, persegi panjang yang melekat pada atapbangunan atau rumah. Jika, seperti dalam gambar 20, pipa datang daripanel, itu adalah kolektor panas. Menggunakan permukaan hitam, termalKolektor memanaskan air oleh langsung menyerap matahari yang berseri-serienergi. Air yang beredar di sistem ini dapat dipanaskan untuksekitar 70° C. Air panas dapat dipompa melalui rumah kememberikan panas. Juga, air panas dapat digunakan untuk mencuci danmandi. Jika panel memiliki pipa tidak, itu adalah fotovoltaikKolektor (foh toh vol TAY ihk), seperti yang digambarkan dalamGambar 20. Fotovoltaik adalah perangkat yang mengubah berseri-serienergi langsung menjadi energi listrik. Fotovoltaik digunakan untukkekuatan Kalkulator dan satelit, termasuk internasionalStasiun luar angkasa.Gambar 20 energi surya dapatdikumpulkan dan digunakan oleh individumenggunakan thermal kolektor ataufotovoltaik kolektor.Energi panas bumiBayangkan Anda bisa mengambil perjalanan ke pusatBumi — ke sekitar 6.400 km di bawah permukaan. SebagaiAnda pergi lebih dalam dan lebih, Anda akan menemukan suhumeningkat. Bahkan, setelah hanya sekitar 3 km,suhu bisa telah meningkat cukup untuk merebus air.Pada kedalaman 100 km, suhu bisa lebih900° C. Panas yang dihasilkan di dalam bumi disebut panas bumienergi. Beberapa panas ini dihasilkan ketika tidak stabilradioactive atoms inside Earth decay, converting nuclearenergy to thermal energy.At some places deep within Earth the temperature ishot enough to melt rock. This molten rock, or magma,can rise up close to the surface through cracks in thecrust. During a volcanic eruption, magma reaches thesurface. In other places, magma gets close to the surfaceand heats the rock around it.Geothermal ReservoirsIn some regions wheremagma is close to the surface, rainwater and water frommelted snow can seep down to the hot rock throughcracks and other openings in Earth’s surface. The waterthen becomes hot and sometimes can form steam. Thehot water and steam can be trapped under high pressurein cracks and pockets called geothermal reservoirs. Insome places, the hot water and steam are close enough tothe surface to form hot springs and geysers.