Violence in Bank RobberyBy definiti

Violence in Bank Robbery
By definition, robbery is a violentcrime: offenders must pose a crediblethreat before victims will complywith demands. However, the level ofviolence necessary to establish thatthreat can range from an offendersimply stating their intentions, toactual serious physical assault oreven murder (see Mouzos 2000). Apotential corollary of disarming isthat offenders may have to be morephysically violent in order to exactvictim compliance.
Offenders’ violent actionstowards victims are recorded in theArmed Attacks Database. Violentacts were committed in 713 of thehold-ups, totalling 1,073 separateacts. Fourteen per cent of all hold-ups did not involve violent acts. Justunder half (49 per cent) of the bankrobberies involved a single violentact, whereas a little over one-third(37 per cent) involved more than one.Violent acts include:
•menacing victims (around 85 percent of all hold-ups—presumablyimportant in establishing a threatthat will result in compliance);
•injuring victims (around six per cent);
•detaining victims (approximately oneper cent of hold-ups);
•taking victims hostage(approximately one per cent); and
•discharging a weapon(approximately one per cent).
When compared to lone offenders, ahigher proportion of incidentsinvolving gangs resulted in multipleviolent acts, with 55 per centresulting in at least two violent acts.The strength of the associationbetween these variables was smallbut significant3 (r=.2, p

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Violence in Bank RobberyBy definition, robbery is a violentcrime: offenders must pose a crediblethreat before victims will complywith demands. However, the level ofviolence necessary to establish thatthreat can range from an offendersimply stating their intentions, toactual serious physical assault oreven murder (see Mouzos 2000). Apotential corollary of disarming isthat offenders may have to be morephysically violent in order to exactvictim compliance.Offenders’ violent actionstowards victims are recorded in theArmed Attacks Database. Violentacts were committed in 713 of thehold-ups, totalling 1,073 separateacts. Fourteen per cent of all hold-ups did not involve violent acts. Justunder half (49 per cent) of the bankrobberies involved a single violentact, whereas a little over one-third(37 per cent) involved more than one.Violent acts include:•menacing victims (around 85 percent of all hold-ups—presumablyimportant in establishing a threatthat will result in compliance);•injuring victims (around six per cent);•detaining victims (approximately oneper cent of hold-ups);•taking victims hostage(approximately one per cent); and•discharging a weapon(approximately one per cent).When compared to lone offenders, ahigher proportion of incidentsinvolving gangs resulted in multipleviolent acts, with 55 per centresulting in at least two violent acts.The strength of the associationbetween these variables was smallbut significant3 (r=.2, p<.01),indicating a tendency for the numberof violent acts to increase with thenumber of offenders.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Kekerasan di Bank Perampokan
Dengan definisi, perampokan adalah violentcrime sebuah: pelaku harus berpose crediblethreat sebelum korban akan complywith tuntutan. Namun, ofviolence tingkat yang diperlukan untuk membangun thatthreat dapat berkisar dari offendersimply menyatakan niat mereka, toactual serius serangan fisik oreven pembunuhan (lihat Mouzos 2000). Apotential wajar dari melucuti pelaku isthat mungkin harus morephysically kekerasan untuk exactvictim kepatuhan.
actionstowards kekerasan korban Pelanggar 'dicatat dalam theArmed Serangan database. Violentacts itu dilakukan di 713 dari thehold-up, dengan total 1.073 separateacts. Empat belas persen dari semua terus-up tidak melibatkan tindakan kekerasan. Setengah Justunder (49 persen) dari bankrobberies melibatkan violentact tunggal, sedangkan sedikit lebih dari sepertiga (37 persen) melibatkan lebih dari tindakan one.Violent meliputi:
• korban mengancam (sekitar 85 persen dari semua terus-up-presumablyimportant dalam membangun threatthat akan menghasilkan kepatuhan);
• melukai korban (sekitar enam persen);
• menahan korban (sekitar oneper persen terus-up);
• mengambil korban sandera (sekitar satu persen); dan
• pemakaian senjata (sekitar satu persen).
Bila dibandingkan dengan pelaku tunggal, proporsi ahigher dari incidentsinvolving geng mengakibatkan tindakan multipleviolent, dengan 55 per centresulting dalam setidaknya dua kekuatan acts.The kekerasan associationbetween variabel ini adalah significant3 smallbut ( r = 0,2, p <.01), menunjukkan kecenderungan tindakan kekerasan numberof meningkat dengan thenumber pelanggar.