The Site It is a complex site that

The Site
It is a complex site that is constantly changing with the shifting sands. Not only is there a high concentration of cannon scattered all over the site but there is exposed coherent ships structure and fragile organic material. The site is approximately 60m long by 30m wide with the bow pointing towards the south east. It is situated at present in an area of slight sand deposition rather than erosion. However, the site has its own micro environment. Towards the bow of the wreck a large concretion, possibly the remains of the shot locker, rises 3m high and 4m wide. The height of the concretion has deflected the flow of the current causing scouring to the starboard side of the wreck. This scouring has exposed a 7m long section of the ships lower hull consisting of floor timbers, first futtocks, inner and outer planking and the keel. Forward of the concretion one of the ship’s cables is found neatly coiled, possibly situated on top of the orlop deck, suggesting there could be intact areas of the ship from this deck and below. Outside the starboard side of the wreck the bottom end of one of Northumberland’s chain pumps was discovered lying partially exposed and covered in netting. When the significance of the pump was realised it was recovered under a Surface Recovery licence. Recovery was necessary as the exposed surface of the pump tube was riddled with gribble and toredo holes and had it been left on the seabed this artefact would not have survived. Sinc recovery it has been recorded in its pre-conservation state.
The Chain Pump
There would have been two chain pumps on board located just behind the main mast. The bottom end of the pumps would have been in the well either side of the keelson. The construction of the pump consisted of a pump tube normally made from elm. This ran vertically up from the well, through the hold and orlop deck, and out onto the lower gun deck. A chain on a continuous loop with leather valves located every few feet would pass up through the tube drawing water from the bilges. This water would then be discharged out into the dales on the lower gun deck. At present the pump is at English Heritage’s conservation facilities at Fort Cumberland where it is awaiting x-raying and conservation. A proposal is currently with English Heritage to enable further research and long term conservation. This is not an ordinary chain pump; this was a pump that was used in absolute desperation. The Northumberland was caught in the most ferocious storm in recorded history to hit our shores. For many hours the men onboard would have struggled to keep the ship afloat. These ships used to leak in calm weather, during the storm, water would have been bursting through the seams of the ship and pouring down the hatches as the ship was being battered on the sands. The men manning the pumps would have been pumping to save their lives and the lives of their shipmates. Even in the ship’s death throws they still would have manned the pumps until the moment the ship went down. This is what brings this artefact to life. What makes it significant is that this is the only physical evidence we have of a pump from this period. Later examples, such as those manufactured by Cole and Bentinck, can be found onboard HMS Victory. Pumps of that type became standard in the 1770’s, until then the Navy board continually trialled and experimented with different pumps. There are contemporary documents listing parts but no plans or drawings exist which means the archaeological evidence is all we have for their existence. Therefore the x-ray of the pump is essential as it will show how the pump was constructed and identify the individual component parts of the chain and valve which are at the moment concealed by concretion.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Situs Ini adalah situs yang kompleks yang terus berubah dengan pasir pergeseran. Tidak hanya ada konsentrasi tinggi meriam tersebar di seluruh situs tetapi ada kapal-kapal koheren yang terkena struktur dan bahan organik yang rapuh. Situs ini adalah sekitar 60m panjang oleh lebar dengan panah menunjuk ke Arah Tenggara 30m. Terletak pada saat ini di daerah pengendapan pasir sedikit daripada erosi. Namun, situs ini memiliki lingkungan mikro sendiri. Ke arah haluan bangkai concretion besar, mungkin sisa-sisa locker ditembak, naik 3m tinggi dan 4m lebar. Tinggi concretion telah dibelokkan aliran menjelajahi menyebabkan arus ke sisi kanan bangkai kapal. Menjelajahi ini telah terbuka 7m panjang bagian lambung kapal lebih rendah terdiri dari lantai kayu, futtocks pertama, pakal kapal dalaman dan luaran dan lunas. Maju concretion salah satu kapal kabel ditemukan rapi melingkar, mungkin terletak di atas geladak orlop, menyarankan mungkin ada daerah-daerah yang utuh kapal dari dek ini dan di bawah ini. Di luar sisi kanan bangkai ujung bawah salah satu Northumberland di jaringan pompa ditemukan sebagian berbaring terbuka dan tertutup kelambu. Ketika kepentingan pompa menyadari ia sembuh di bawah lisensi permukaan pemulihan. Pemulihan ini diperlukan karena permukaan yang terkena tabung pompa dipenuhi dengan lubang gribble dan toredo dan ia telah ditinggalkan di dasar laut artefak ini tidak akan selamat. Sinus pemulihan telah tercatat dalam keadaan pra-konservasi.Pompa jaringan There would have been two chain pumps on board located just behind the main mast. The bottom end of the pumps would have been in the well either side of the keelson. The construction of the pump consisted of a pump tube normally made from elm. This ran vertically up from the well, through the hold and orlop deck, and out onto the lower gun deck. A chain on a continuous loop with leather valves located every few feet would pass up through the tube drawing water from the bilges. This water would then be discharged out into the dales on the lower gun deck. At present the pump is at English Heritage’s conservation facilities at Fort Cumberland where it is awaiting x-raying and conservation. A proposal is currently with English Heritage to enable further research and long term conservation. This is not an ordinary chain pump; this was a pump that was used in absolute desperation. The Northumberland was caught in the most ferocious storm in recorded history to hit our shores. For many hours the men onboard would have struggled to keep the ship afloat. These ships used to leak in calm weather, during the storm, water would have been bursting through the seams of the ship and pouring down the hatches as the ship was being battered on the sands. The men manning the pumps would have been pumping to save their lives and the lives of their shipmates. Even in the ship’s death throws they still would have manned the pumps until the moment the ship went down. This is what brings this artefact to life. What makes it significant is that this is the only physical evidence we have of a pump from this period. Later examples, such as those manufactured by Cole and Bentinck, can be found onboard HMS Victory. Pumps of that type became standard in the 1770’s, until then the Navy board continually trialled and experimented with different pumps. There are contemporary documents listing parts but no plans or drawings exist which means the archaeological evidence is all we have for their existence. Therefore the x-ray of the pump is essential as it will show how the pump was constructed and identify the individual component parts of the chain and valve which are at the moment concealed by concretion.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Situs
Ini adalah situs yang kompleks yang terus berubah dengan pasir pergeseran. Tidak hanya ada konsentrasi tinggi meriam tersebar di seluruh situs tetapi ada terkena kapal struktur yang koheren dan bahan organik yang rapuh. Situs ini adalah sekitar 60m panjang 30m lebar dengan busur menunjuk ke arah timur selatan. Hal ini terletak pada saat ini di daerah pengendapan pasir sedikit daripada erosi. Namun, situs tersebut memiliki lingkungan mikro sendiri. Menuju haluan kecelakaan concretion besar, mungkin sisa-sisa ganti tembakan, naik 3m tinggi dan 4m lebar. Ketinggian concretion telah dibelokkan aliran gerusan menyebabkan arus ke sisi kanan dari kecelakaan. Penggosok ini telah terkena bagian panjang 7m kapal lambung yang lebih rendah yang terdiri dari kayu lantai, futtocks pertama, papan dalam dan luar dan keel. Maju dari concretion salah satu dari kabel kapal ditemukan rapi digulung, mungkin terletak di atas dek geladak kapal bawah, menunjukkan mungkin ada daerah utuh kapal dari dek dan di bawah ini. Di luar sisi kanan dari kecelakaan ujung bawah salah satu pompa rantai Northumberland itu ditemukan tergeletak sebagian terbuka dan tertutup kelambu. Ketika pentingnya pompa disadari itu pulih di bawah lisensi Permukaan Recovery. Pemulihan diperlukan karena permukaan terkena tabung pompa penuh dengan Gribble dan Toredo lubang dan telah itu telah ditinggalkan di dasar laut artefak ini tidak akan bertahan. Sinc pemulihan telah tercatat dalam keadaan pra-konservasinya.
Rantai Pompa
Akan ada dua pompa rantai di papan yang terletak tepat di belakang tiang utama. Bagian bawah akhir pompa akan berada di sumur kedua sisi keelson tersebut. Pembangunan pompa terdiri dari tabung pompa biasanya terbuat dari elm. Ini berlari vertikal ke atas dari sumur, melalui ditahan dan geladak kapal bawah, dan keluar ke dek bawah pistol. Sebuah rantai pada loop terus menerus dengan katup kulit terletak setiap beberapa meter akan dilewatkan melalui air tabung gambar dari bilges. Air ini kemudian akan dibuang keluar ke lembah-lembah di bawah dek senjata. Saat ini pompa di fasilitas konservasi English Heritage yang di Fort Cumberland di mana ia menunggu x-raying dan konservasi. Sebuah proposal saat ini dengan Inggris Heritage untuk memungkinkan penelitian lebih lanjut dan konservasi jangka panjang. Ini bukan pompa rantai biasa; ini adalah pompa yang digunakan dalam keputusasaan mutlak. The Northumberland tertangkap dalam badai paling ganas dalam sejarah untuk memukul pantai kita. Selama berjam-jam orang-orang onboard, akan berjuang untuk menjaga kapal mengapung. Kapal ini digunakan untuk bocor dalam cuaca tenang, selama badai, air akan menerobos lapisan kapal dan mengalir turun menetas sebagai kapal itu sedang babak belur di pasir. Orang-orang manning pompa akan telah memompa untuk menyelamatkan kehidupan mereka dan kehidupan awak kapal mereka. Bahkan dalam kematian kapal melempar mereka masih akan diawaki pompa sampai saat kapal tenggelam. Ini adalah apa yang membawa artefak ini untuk hidup. Apa yang membuatnya penting adalah bahwa ini adalah satu-satunya bukti fisik yang kita miliki dari pompa dari periode ini. Kemudian contoh, seperti yang diproduksi oleh Cole dan Bentinck, dapat ditemukan onboard, HMS Victory. Pompa jenis yang menjadi standar di 1770, sampai kemudian dewan Angkatan Laut terus diuji coba dan bereksperimen dengan pompa yang berbeda. Ada dokumen kontemporer daftar bagian tetapi tidak ada rencana atau gambar yang ada yang berarti bukti arkeologi adalah semua yang kita miliki untuk keberadaan mereka. Oleh karena itu x-ray pompa sangat penting karena akan menunjukkan bagaimana pompa dibangun dan mengidentifikasi bagian-bagian komponen individual dari rantai dan katup yang pada saat disembunyikan oleh concretion.