A blueprint in the brain?Could any

A blueprint in the brain?
Could any linguistic information
conceivably be innate?
There are very deep and restrictive principles that determine the nature
of human language and are rooted in the specific character of the
human mind.
Chomsky, Language and Mind
Young children must learn . . . the set of linguistic conventions used
by those around them . . . for any given language . . . The human
species is biologically prepared for this prodigious task . . . , but this
preparation cannot be too specific, as human children must be flexible
enough to learn not only all of the different words and conventional
expressions of any language but also all the different types of abstract
constructional patterns . . . It thus takes many years.
Tomasello, Constructing a Language
It is relatively easy to show that humans are innately predisposed to
acquire language. The hard part is finding out exactly what is innate.
People have indulged in speculation about this for centuries. Over
two thousand years ago the Egyptian king Psammetichus had a theory
that if a child was isolated from human speech, the first word he
spontaneously uttered would come from the world’s oldest inhabitants.
Naturally he hoped this would be Egyptian. He gave instructions for
two newborn children to be brought up in total isolation. When
eventually the children uttered the word BEKOS, Psammetichus
discovered to his dismay that this was the Phrygian word for ‘bread’.
He reluctantly concluded that the Phrygians were more ancient than
the Egyptians.
Nobody takes Psammetichus’s theory seriously today – especially as
the few reliable accounts we have of children brought up without
human contact indicate that they were totally without speech when

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Cetak biru di otak?Dapat informasi linguistikdibayangkan menjadi bawaan?Ada sangat mendalam dan ketat prinsip-prinsip yang menentukan sifatbahasa manusia dan berakar dalam sifat tertentupikiran manusia.Chomsky, bahasa, dan pikiranAnak-anak muda harus belajar... set linguistik yang digunakanoleh orang-orang di sekitar mereka... untuk setiap diberikan bahasa... Manusiaspesies biologis dipersiapkan untuk tugas ini luar biasa..., tapi inipersiapan tidak dapat terlalu spesifik, seperti anak-anak manusia harus fleksibelcukup belajar tidak hanya semua kata-kata yang berbeda dan konvensionalungkapan-ungkapan bahasa apapun tetapi juga semua jenis abstrakkonstruksi perifer pola... Sehingga dibutuhkan bertahun-tahun.Tomasello, membangun sebuah bahasaRelatif mudah untuk menunjukkan bahwa manusia bawaan cenderung untukmemperoleh bahasa. Bagian yang sulit adalah mencari tahu persis apa bawaan.Orang telah terlibat dalam spekulasi tentang hal ini selama berabad-abad. Atasdua ribu tahun yang lalu raja Mesir Psammetichus memiliki sebuah teoribahwa jika anak itu terisolasi dari ucapan manusia, yang pertama kata diadiucapkan secara spontan akan datang dari penduduk tertua di dunia.Tentu saja dia berharap ini akan menjadi Mesir. Dia memberikan perintah untukdua anak-anak bayi untuk dibawa dalam total isolasi. Kapanakhirnya orang mengucapkan kata BEKOS, Psammetichusmenemukan ke cemas nya bahwa ini adalah kata Frigia 'roti'.He reluctantly concluded that the Phrygians were more ancient thanthe Egyptians.Nobody takes Psammetichus’s theory seriously today – especially asthe few reliable accounts we have of children brought up withouthuman contact indicate that they were totally without speech when