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Consciousness and the UnconsciousPe
Consciousness and the Unconscious
Perhaps Freud’s greatest contributions are his concepts of the unconscious and
of the levels of consciousness, which are the keys to understanding behavior
and the problems of personality. The unconscious cannot be studied directly
but is inferred from behavior. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious
includes the following: (1) dreams, which are symbolic representations
of unconscious needs, wishes, and confl icts; (2) slips of the tongue and forgetting,
for example, a familiar name; (3) posthypnotic suggestions; (4) material
derived from free-association techniques; (5) material derived from projective
techniques; and (6) the symbolic content of psychotic symptoms.
For Freud, consciousness is a thin slice of the total mind. Like the greater
part of the iceberg that lies below the surface of the water, the larger part of
the mind exists below the surface of awareness. The unconscious stores all
experiences, memories, and repressed material. Needs and motivations that
are inaccessible—that is, out of awareness—are also outside the sphere of conscious
control. Most psychological functioning exists in the out-of-awareness
realm. The aim of psychoanalytic therapy, therefore, is to make the unconscious
motives conscious, for only then can an individual exercise choice. Understanding
the role of the unconscious is central to grasping the essence of the
psychoanalytic model of behavior.
Unconscious processes are at the root of all forms of neurotic symptoms and
behaviors. From this perspective, a “cure” is based on uncovering the meaning
Perhaps Freud’s greatest contributions are his concepts of the unconscious and
of the levels of consciousness, which are the keys to understanding behavior
and the problems of personality. The unconscious cannot be studied directly
but is inferred from behavior. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious
includes the following: (1) dreams, which are symbolic representations
of unconscious needs, wishes, and confl icts; (2) slips of the tongue and forgetting,
for example, a familiar name; (3) posthypnotic suggestions; (4) material
derived from free-association techniques; (5) material derived from projective
techniques; and (6) the symbolic content of psychotic symptoms.
For Freud, consciousness is a thin slice of the total mind. Like the greater
part of the iceberg that lies below the surface of the water, the larger part of
the mind exists below the surface of awareness. The unconscious stores all
experiences, memories, and repressed material. Needs and motivations that
are inaccessible—that is, out of awareness—are also outside the sphere of conscious
control. Most psychological functioning exists in the out-of-awareness
realm. The aim of psychoanalytic therapy, therefore, is to make the unconscious
motives conscious, for only then can an individual exercise choice. Understanding
the role of the unconscious is central to grasping the essence of the
psychoanalytic model of behavior.
Unconscious processes are at the root of all forms of neurotic symptoms and
behaviors. From this perspective, a “cure” is based on uncovering the meaning
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Kesadaran dan bawah sadarMungkin Freud kontribusi terbesar adalah konsep-konsep bawah sadar dandari tingkat kesadaran, yang merupakan kunci untuk memahami perilakudan masalah kepribadian. Bawah sadar tidak bisa dipelajari secara langsungTapi disimpulkan dari perilaku. Bukti klinis untuk mendalilkan bawah sadarmeliputi: mimpi (1), yang merupakan representasi simbolisbawah sadar kebutuhan, keinginan dan confl ICT; (2) slip lidah dan melupakan,Misalnya, nama panggilan; (3) saran posthypnotic; (4) bahanberasal dari teknik free-association; (5) bahan yang berasal dari proyektifteknik; dan (6) isi simbolis gejala psikotik.Bagi Freud, kesadaran adalah irisan tipis pikiran total. Seperti yang lebih besarBagian dari es yang terletak di bawah permukaan air, sebahagian besarpikiran yang ada di bawah permukaan kesadaran. Toko-toko yang sadarpengalaman, kenangan, dan bahan yang ditekan. Kebutuhan dan motivasi yangtidak dapat diakses — yaitu, keluar dari kesadaran — juga di luar lingkup sadarkontrol. Fungsi paling psikologis ada di out-of-kesadaranalam. Tujuan terapi psikoanalitik, oleh karena itu, adalah untuk membuat bawah sadarmotif sadar, untuk hanya kemudian seorang individu dapat berolahraga pilihan. Pemahamanperan bawah sadar pusat untuk menangkap esensipsikoanalitik model perilaku.Proses sadar adalah akar dari segala bentuk gejala neurotik danperilaku. Dari perspektif ini, "menyembuhkan" didasarkan pada mengungkap makna
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Consciousness and the Unconscious
Perhaps Freud’s greatest contributions are his concepts of the unconscious and
of the levels of consciousness, which are the keys to understanding behavior
and the problems of personality. The unconscious cannot be studied directly
but is inferred from behavior. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious
includes the following: (1) dreams, which are symbolic representations
of unconscious needs, wishes, and confl icts; (2) slips of the tongue and forgetting,
for example, a familiar name; (3) posthypnotic suggestions; (4) material
derived from free-association techniques; (5) material derived from projective
techniques; and (6) the symbolic content of psychotic symptoms.
For Freud, consciousness is a thin slice of the total mind. Like the greater
part of the iceberg that lies below the surface of the water, the larger part of
the mind exists below the surface of awareness. The unconscious stores all
experiences, memories, and repressed material. Needs and motivations that
are inaccessible—that is, out of awareness—are also outside the sphere of conscious
control. Most psychological functioning exists in the out-of-awareness
realm. The aim of psychoanalytic therapy, therefore, is to make the unconscious
motives conscious, for only then can an individual exercise choice. Understanding
the role of the unconscious is central to grasping the essence of the
psychoanalytic model of behavior.
Unconscious processes are at the root of all forms of neurotic symptoms and
behaviors. From this perspective, a “cure” is based on uncovering the meaning
Perhaps Freud’s greatest contributions are his concepts of the unconscious and
of the levels of consciousness, which are the keys to understanding behavior
and the problems of personality. The unconscious cannot be studied directly
but is inferred from behavior. Clinical evidence for postulating the unconscious
includes the following: (1) dreams, which are symbolic representations
of unconscious needs, wishes, and confl icts; (2) slips of the tongue and forgetting,
for example, a familiar name; (3) posthypnotic suggestions; (4) material
derived from free-association techniques; (5) material derived from projective
techniques; and (6) the symbolic content of psychotic symptoms.
For Freud, consciousness is a thin slice of the total mind. Like the greater
part of the iceberg that lies below the surface of the water, the larger part of
the mind exists below the surface of awareness. The unconscious stores all
experiences, memories, and repressed material. Needs and motivations that
are inaccessible—that is, out of awareness—are also outside the sphere of conscious
control. Most psychological functioning exists in the out-of-awareness
realm. The aim of psychoanalytic therapy, therefore, is to make the unconscious
motives conscious, for only then can an individual exercise choice. Understanding
the role of the unconscious is central to grasping the essence of the
psychoanalytic model of behavior.
Unconscious processes are at the root of all forms of neurotic symptoms and
behaviors. From this perspective, a “cure” is based on uncovering the meaning
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
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