I. INTRODUCTION ICT is the foundati

I. INTRODUCTION

ICT is the foundation of economy and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century [1]. ICTs create new services and business practices across many sectors of the economy. Transportation, professional services, electronics manufacturing and broadcasting are examples of sectors that have been transformed by information and communication technologies [2].
In Indonesia, penetration of internet users was 24,23% or 63 millions people of total population (260 millions people) in 2012 [3]. In 2014, internet users were amounted to 82 millions people, and Indonesia ranked on 8th position of internet users around the world [4]. Of total internet users, youth communities were main users ranging from 58,4% of 12-35 years old, and 14,4% of 25-29 years old [3] or 80% of 15-19 years old in 2014 [4]. ICTs dispersion is only concentrated in big cities in Java Island like Jakarta (3.5 millions people), Surabaya (955 thousands people), and Bekasi (676 thousands people) [3]. Use of internet in Indonesia is mainly aimed to internet business and local content of society [5].
If compared to advanced countries in Asia (Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia), internet connection speed in Indonesia is lower. ICTs infrastructures have not been yet developed by Government of Indonesia optimally. Besides, the large internet users are factors lowering internet speed in Indonesia [6]. In Indonesia, ICTs facilities and infrastructures in rural areas are very limited [7]. To overcome those problems, Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information (Kemenkominfo) has issued programs for increasing speed and reach of internet in both urban and rural areas.
Specifically in rural areas, since 2008 Kemenkominfo has issued “Universal Service Obligation (USO) ” to fulfill internet needs around rural and remote areas in Indonesia. USO is categorized into Desa Berdering (Ringing Village), Desa Pinter (Internet Village), Internet Service Center at District (PLIK), and Mobile of PLIK (M-PLIK). In 2011, there were available for 100 units of 131 targeted units of Desa Pinter; 5.330 units of 5.748 targeted units of PLIK, and 846 units of 1.907 targeted units of M-PLIK [8].