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1. IntroductionDecisions concerning capital structure are imperative for every business organization.In the corporate form of business, generally it is the job of the management to makecapital structure decisions in a way that the firm value is maximized. However,maximization of firm value is not an easy job because it involves the selection of debt andequity securities in a balanced proportion keeping in view of different costs and benefitscoupled with these securities.Awrong decision in the selection process of securities maylead the firm to financial distress and eventually to bankruptcy. The relationshipbetween capital structure decisions and firm value has been extensively investigatedin the past few decades. Over the years, alternative capital structure theories have beendeveloped in order to determine the optimal capital structure. Despite the theoreticalappeal of capital structure, a specific methodology has not been realized yet, whichmanagers can use in order to determine an optimal debt level. This may be due to the factthat theories concerning capital structure differ in their relative emphasis; for instance,the trade-off theory emphasizes taxes, the pecking order theory emphasizes differencesin information, and the free cash flow theory emphasizes agency costs. However, thesetheories provide some help in understanding the financing behavior of firms as well asin identifying the potential factors that affect the capital structure.The empirical literature on capital structure choice is vast, mainly referring toindustrialized countries (Myers, 1977; Titman and Wessels, 1988; Rajan and Zingales,1995; Wald, 1999) and a few developing countries (Booth et al., 2001). However, findingsof these empirical studies do not lead to a consensus with regard to the significantdeterminants of capital structure. This may be because of variations in the use oflong-term versus short-term debt or because of institutional differences that existbetween developed and developing countries.
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