The Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy in the Reduction of the Or terjemahan - The Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy in the Reduction of the Or Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The Effect of Cooperative Learning

The Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy in the Reduction of the Oral Communication Apprehension
Introduction Classroom participation has been found to be directly related to education success (Jaasma, 1977). Given this, it is important to reduce communication apprehension in the classroom in order to increase participation. Early intervention is necessary because communication apprehension seems to have its strongest impact during the first two years of college (McCroskey, Booth-Butterfield & Payne, 1989). Research and anecdotal evidence overwhelmingly support the claim that students learn best when they engage with course material and actively participate in their learning (Philips, et. al., 2004). Cooperative Learning Cooperation is the process of working together towards the same end. Cooperative Learning is a teaching strategy in which small groups (4-6), each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their own and each other's learning, while the teacher coaches the process (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 1993). Panitz (1996) pointed out that cooperative learning contradicts the concept that teachers are repositories of subject knowledge whose role is simply to pour in the open, empty willing minds of students, their vast reservoir of knowledge. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn (Davis & Murrill,1994). Research has show that cooperative learning techniques: (Davis & Murrill, 1994; Philips, et. al., 2004) -Promote student learning, and academic achievement. - Increase student retention. - Help students develop skills in oral communication. - Help students develop higher order thinking skills. - Create greater intrinsic motivation to learn, and - Provide equal participation and simultaneous interaction. Learning may be competitive, individualistic, or cooperative. Competitive goals encourage students to work against one another (I swim, you sink; I sink you swim), individualistic goals encourage students to disregard their classmates, and students look after their self interests or personal mastery (we are each in this alone), cooperative learning emphasizes collaboration and shared understanding on any task (we sink or swim together). It is hard to improve the oral communication in the traditional education system. We need to encourage that a healthy portion of instruction is cooperative (William, 1971). Cooperative learning is misused if assignments given to groups are not well structured, and students do not have enough time to practice independently the skills and processes that they must master (stahl & VanSickle, 1992). In research, there is a wealth of evidence that peer teaching is extremely effective for a wide range of goals, content, and students of different levels and personalities (colbeck & Campell, 2000). Basic elements of cooperative learning: (Slavin, 1995; Johnson et. al., 1993; kagan, 1992; wang, 2002). 1-Positive interdependence Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught, but also for helping teammates learn. Each group member has a unique contribution to make to the joint effort. These collective efforts are required and indispensable for group success. Each team benefit when all community perform well. 2-Face-to-face promotive interaction Group community teach one's knowledge to others and promote each other's success. Group community meet face to face to work together to complete assignments and promote each other's success. 3- Individual and group accountability Each student is accountable for a specific task or topic as well as topics assigned to other group community.
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By taking responsibility for a specific portion of the material, and being graced for that, each student becomes Individually accountable. 4- Interpersonal and small group skills Appropriate use of interpersonal skills. Examples of these skills: communication, leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution. Students have to engage in task work and teamwork simultaneously to coordinate efforts that will achieve mutual goals. 5-Group processing Reflecting on how well the team is functioning and how to function even better. Reflecting on a group session to describe what community actions were helpful and unhelpful and to make decisions on what actions to continue or change. Teachers and students should regularly reflect on group progress and make adjustments to improve outcome.
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Efek Cooperative Learning strategi dalam pengurangan penangkapan komunikasi lisanPartisipasi kelas pengenalan telah ditemukan secara langsung berhubungan dengan sukses pendidikan (Jaasma, 1977). Mengingat ini, sangat penting untuk mengurangi komunikasi ketakutan di dalam kelas untuk meningkatkan partisipasi. Intervensi dini ini diperlukan karena ketakutan komunikasi tampaknya memiliki dampak yang kuat selama dua tahun pertama kuliah (McCroskey, Stan-Butterfield & Payne, 1989). Penelitian dan bukti anekdotal sangat mendukung klaim bahwa siswa belajar terbaik ketika mereka terlibat dengan materi kursus dan berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran (Philips, et.Al, 2004). Koperasi belajar kerjasama adalah proses kerja sama menjelang akhir sama. Kooperatif adalah strategi pengajaran di mana kelompok-kelompok kecil (4-6), masing-masing dengan siswa dari berbagai tingkatan kemampuan, menggunakan berbagai kegiatan untuk meningkatkan mereka sendiri belajar dan saling belajar, sementara guru pelatih proses (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 1993). Panitz (1996) menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif bertentangan dengan konsep bahwa guru adalah repositori pengetahuan subjek yang perannya adalah untuk menuangkan dalam pikiran bersedia terbuka, kosong siswa, mereka seirama dengan pengetahuan. Setiap anggota tim bertanggung jawab tidak hanya untuk belajar apa yang diajarkan tetapi juga untuk membantu rekan belajar (Davis & Murrill, 1994). Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa ' cooperative learning ' teknik: (Davis & Murrill, 1994; Philips, et. Al., 2004)-mempromosikan pembelajaran, dan prestasi akademik. -Meningkatkan retensi siswa. -Membantu siswa mengembangkan keahlian komunikasi oral. -Membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir urutan yang lebih tinggi. -Membuat Motivasi intrinsik yang lebih besar untuk belajar, dan - memberikan sama partisipasi dan interaksi simultan. Belajar mungkin kompetitif, individualistis atau koperasi. Tujuan kompetitif mendorong siswa untuk bekerja melawan satu sama lain (saya berenang, Anda tenggelam; Aku tenggelam Anda berenang), tujuan individualistis mendorong siswa untuk mengabaikan teman sekelas mereka, dan mahasiswa yang terlihat setelah kepentingan diri atau penguasaan pribadi mereka (masing-masing dalam hal ini kami sendirian), koperasi belajar menekankan kolaborasi dan pemahaman bersama pada setiap tugas (kami tenggelam atau berenang bersama-sama). Sulit untuk meningkatkan komunikasi lisan dalam sistem pendidikan tradisional. Kita perlu untuk mendorong bahwa porsi yang sehat instruksi koperasi (William, 1971). ' Cooperative learning ' disalahgunakan jika tugas-tugas yang diberikan kepada kelompok tidak terstruktur dengan baik, dan mahasiswa tidak memiliki cukup waktu untuk berlatih secara mandiri keterampilan dan proses yang mereka harus menguasai (stahl & VanSickle, 1992). Dalam penelitian, ada banyak bukti bahwa rekan mengajar sangat efektif untuk berbagai tujuan, konten, dan mahasiswa tingkat yang berbeda dan kepribadian (colbeck & Campell, 2000). Elemen dasar cooperative Learning: (Slavin, 1995; Johnson et. Al., 1993; Kagan, 1992; Wang, 2002). 1-positif interdependensi setiap anggota tim bertanggung jawab tidak hanya untuk belajar apa yang diajarkan, tetapi juga untuk membantu rekan yang belajar. Tiap anggota kelompok memiliki kontribusi yang unik untuk membuat usaha bersama. Upaya-upaya kolektif ini diperlukan dan sangat diperlukan untuk keberhasilan kelompok. Setiap tim manfaat ketika semua masyarakat melakukan dengan baik. 2-wajah-to-face promosi interaksi kelompok masyarakat mengajarkan pengetahuan kepada orang lain dan mempromosikan saling sukses. Kelompok masyarakat bertemu muka dengan muka untuk bekerja sama untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas dan mempromosikan saling sukses. 3 - individu dan kelompok akuntabilitas setiap siswa bertanggung jawab untuk tugas tertentu atau topik serta topik-topik yang diberikan kepada kelompok masyarakat lain.© Pusat untuk mempromosikan ide, USA www.ijhssnet.com205Dengan mengambil tanggung jawab untuk bagian tertentu dari materi, dan menjadi menghiasi untuk itu, setiap siswa menjadi bertanggung jawab secara individual. 4 - interpersonal dan kecil kelompok keterampilan tepat penggunaan keterampilan interpersonal. Contoh keterampilan ini: komunikasi, kepemimpinan, pengambilan keputusan dan penyelesaian konflik. Siswa harus terlibat dalam tugas kerja dan membentuk kerjasama tim secara bersamaan untuk mengkoordinasikan upaya yang akan mencapai tujuan bersama. 5-group pengolahan Reflecting pada seberapa baik tim berfungsi dan bagaimana untuk berfungsi lebih baik. Mencerminkan pada sebuah sesi kelompok untuk menggambarkan apa yang membantu dan tidak membantu dan untuk membuat keputusan tentang apa tindakan untuk melanjutkan atau mengubah. Guru dan siswa secara teratur harus mencerminkan tentang kemajuan kelompok dan membuat penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan hasil.
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The Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategy in the Reduction of the Oral Communication Apprehension
Introduction Classroom participation has been found to be directly related to education success (Jaasma, 1977). Given this, it is important to reduce communication apprehension in the classroom in order to increase participation. Early intervention is necessary because communication apprehension seems to have its strongest impact during the first two years of college (McCroskey, Booth-Butterfield & Payne, 1989). Research and anecdotal evidence overwhelmingly support the claim that students learn best when they engage with course material and actively participate in their learning (Philips, et. al., 2004). Cooperative Learning Cooperation is the process of working together towards the same end. Cooperative Learning is a teaching strategy in which small groups (4-6), each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their own and each other's learning, while the teacher coaches the process (Johnson, Johnson & Holubec, 1993). Panitz (1996) pointed out that cooperative learning contradicts the concept that teachers are repositories of subject knowledge whose role is simply to pour in the open, empty willing minds of students, their vast reservoir of knowledge. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn (Davis & Murrill,1994). Research has show that cooperative learning techniques: (Davis & Murrill, 1994; Philips, et. al., 2004) -Promote student learning, and academic achievement. - Increase student retention. - Help students develop skills in oral communication. - Help students develop higher order thinking skills. - Create greater intrinsic motivation to learn, and - Provide equal participation and simultaneous interaction. Learning may be competitive, individualistic, or cooperative. Competitive goals encourage students to work against one another (I swim, you sink; I sink you swim), individualistic goals encourage students to disregard their classmates, and students look after their self interests or personal mastery (we are each in this alone), cooperative learning emphasizes collaboration and shared understanding on any task (we sink or swim together). It is hard to improve the oral communication in the traditional education system. We need to encourage that a healthy portion of instruction is cooperative (William, 1971). Cooperative learning is misused if assignments given to groups are not well structured, and students do not have enough time to practice independently the skills and processes that they must master (stahl & VanSickle, 1992). In research, there is a wealth of evidence that peer teaching is extremely effective for a wide range of goals, content, and students of different levels and personalities (colbeck & Campell, 2000). Basic elements of cooperative learning: (Slavin, 1995; Johnson et. al., 1993; kagan, 1992; wang, 2002). 1-Positive interdependence Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught, but also for helping teammates learn. Each group member has a unique contribution to make to the joint effort. These collective efforts are required and indispensable for group success. Each team benefit when all community perform well. 2-Face-to-face promotive interaction Group community teach one's knowledge to others and promote each other's success. Group community meet face to face to work together to complete assignments and promote each other's success. 3- Individual and group accountability Each student is accountable for a specific task or topic as well as topics assigned to other group community.
© Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA www.ijhssnet.com
205
By taking responsibility for a specific portion of the material, and being graced for that, each student becomes Individually accountable. 4- Interpersonal and small group skills Appropriate use of interpersonal skills. Examples of these skills: communication, leadership, decision-making, and conflict resolution. Students have to engage in task work and teamwork simultaneously to coordinate efforts that will achieve mutual goals. 5-Group processing Reflecting on how well the team is functioning and how to function even better. Reflecting on a group session to describe what community actions were helpful and unhelpful and to make decisions on what actions to continue or change. Teachers and students should regularly reflect on group progress and make adjustments to improve outcome.
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