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IntroductionOrganizations under pre

Introduction

Organizations under pressure to keep overhead costs low also face demands to increase resources to improve quality and customer service. Typically, a properly conducted Overhead Review will identify cost savings of between 20% and 25% of all controllable overhead costs. While in some areas, costs can be heavily cut; other areas may receive extra resources to meet business imperatives more effectively. As a result, resources are re-balanced.

Choosing the right approach to an overhead review at one end of the spectrum is radical cost cutting - often urgent resulting from market place changes? At the other end is continuous improvement - the long term pursuit of incremental gains. The approach described here pursues a middle way; one that tackles a very difficult task - reducing costs and improving service levels at the same time!

Involve people

In most businesses, countless improvements in overhead effectiveness can be identified, but a limited number of specific changes will often suffice to win most of the available benefits. Solutions to the vast majority of business problems can - and should - be identified by the organization’s employees. They know their business best; individually and collectively, they have years of experience. But the pressures of business life may erode their ability to pool knowledge and share experience. Managers and staff may find themselves working in functional isolation and unable to see the big picture. To unlock the overhead value they need a vehicle to bring people at all levels together in a rigorous process of cross-functional analysis; jointly exploring opportunities for improvement and setting priorities for change.

An Overhead Review should aim to:

Ensure that the services provided are what customers, external or internal, require;
Ensure that costs (of all types) are actually providing profitable products and services to profitable customers;
Eliminate the root causes of process failures that lead to excessive wasted activities (we call them 'Noise')
Re-balance resources, to support those areas of the business that are critical to its success at the expense of those areas that are less critical.

Many techniques are used to uncover improvement opportunities, the key ones being:

Identifying critical success factors - Removing highly negative net margin business;
Overhead activity analysis
Value for money analysis
Re-balancing resources In any one case, certain techniques will be powerful; others will be less relevant.


Identifying critical success factors

A sensible start for an Overhead Review begins with a question - how reliable are the organization’s assumptions about customer service level requirements? Using customer feedback, it ranks the elements of service by criticality in the customers' eyes and assesses how well the organization meets those requirements in comparison with the competition.


Internal service level change

Many costs may be sitting behind providing services that in reality may not be needed at the current level of service or may not be needed at all. Rarely do businesses actually check to see if the 'internal customer' of the services rates the importance of the service as high and if so then rates the level of service given. Everyone makes assumptions about the services they provide. A simple check might cut out many costs that are wasted on providing services that nobody now needs.


Stop supporting unprofitable business

It's hard to contemplate actually dropping business as a means to reduce costs and improve profitability. But it is often the case that though conventional measures of performance such as gross margin may suggest things are all well there may be many factors that are eroding the gross margin and leaving the firm with products and customers that really only deliver negative net margins. This loss generally lurks hidden in the business. It may even be a high volume customer - everyone's favorite!


Overhead activity analysis

Essential to the Overhead Review, therefore, is an understanding of the activities that take place and their alignment with the critical success factors. We classify overhead activities as either core, support or discretionary or noise.

Core activities add direct value to the business: They are the activities which build the future.

Support activities deliver the current business: purchasing, selling, making, distributing, invoicing and so forth.

Discretionary activities are to do with risk: checking, reporting, seeking approvals.

Noise accounts for a large percentage of time in most organizations. It is the result of process failures: sorting out problems caused by late or incomplete deliveries, fixing errors, product redesign, urgent order processing, special delivery and so forth.
Core activities are 'important'. Noise activities tend to be 'urgent'; they take precedence over the important things you should be doing. But if can fix the root causes of noise then we can increase our capacity to do more of what we supposed to be doing to grow the business.


Rebalancing Resources

At the heart of the approach are three ways of managing the cost of overhead activities and outputs. By thinking about activities in different ways it makes it far easier to make changes across an organization in a structured manner, looking at the relative merits of making reductions in some areas and increases in others.


Method change

This applies where an activity can be performed at lower cost by changing the method used - for example, through automation, staff training and process simplification or by re-sequencing tasks or moving activity to other parts of the organization.


Process change

Most noise activity is driven by process failure upstream of the function in which it occurs. So the process failure which requires an accounts clerk to raise a customer credit note is likely to have occurred elsewhere, not in the accounts department. When the failures are strung together along a process it is often the case that a simple enhancement at the start of the process can cause a cascade of improvements in every function downstream.

The Overhead Review encourages people to think hard about the way they operate and to suggest radically different ways of doing things. How could they manage with significantly reduced resources and yet adequately accomplish the key tasks the business demands of them? What could they avoid doing if others did their jobs better? What important business needs could be met if they had more resources? What improvements to systems and processes would benefit the business?

The outcome is not merely an overall reduction in cost. A shift from noise to core activity occurs, as the organization reduces failures and the number of unnecessary tasks, and concentrates instead on meeting key business and customer needs.


Key benefits

The Overhead Review delivers a significant and rapid reduction in overhead costs - at least 20%, normally identified within a timescale of 10 to 14 weeks. It achieves a major re-balancing of resources to meet the most pressing needs of the day. In addition, it provides:

Improved delivery of services critical to customers;
Increased awareness of the cost of noise activity caused by failures along processes;
Cross-functional understanding of business processes and the collapse of functional barriers;
Management and staff commitment to and ownership of the proposals for improvement;
A new and enduring attitude, which seeks to minimize wasted effort and meet the key needs of the business.
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IntroductionOrganizations under pressure to keep overhead costs low also face demands to increase resources to improve quality and customer service. Typically, a properly conducted Overhead Review will identify cost savings of between 20% and 25% of all controllable overhead costs. While in some areas, costs can be heavily cut; other areas may receive extra resources to meet business imperatives more effectively. As a result, resources are re-balanced.Choosing the right approach to an overhead review at one end of the spectrum is radical cost cutting - often urgent resulting from market place changes? At the other end is continuous improvement - the long term pursuit of incremental gains. The approach described here pursues a middle way; one that tackles a very difficult task - reducing costs and improving service levels at the same time!Involve people In most businesses, countless improvements in overhead effectiveness can be identified, but a limited number of specific changes will often suffice to win most of the available benefits. Solutions to the vast majority of business problems can - and should - be identified by the organization’s employees. They know their business best; individually and collectively, they have years of experience. But the pressures of business life may erode their ability to pool knowledge and share experience. Managers and staff may find themselves working in functional isolation and unable to see the big picture. To unlock the overhead value they need a vehicle to bring people at all levels together in a rigorous process of cross-functional analysis; jointly exploring opportunities for improvement and setting priorities for change.
An Overhead Review should aim to:

Ensure that the services provided are what customers, external or internal, require;
Ensure that costs (of all types) are actually providing profitable products and services to profitable customers;
Eliminate the root causes of process failures that lead to excessive wasted activities (we call them 'Noise')
Re-balance resources, to support those areas of the business that are critical to its success at the expense of those areas that are less critical.

Many techniques are used to uncover improvement opportunities, the key ones being:

Identifying critical success factors - Removing highly negative net margin business;
Overhead activity analysis
Value for money analysis
Re-balancing resources In any one case, certain techniques will be powerful; others will be less relevant.


Identifying critical success factors

A sensible start for an Overhead Review begins with a question - how reliable are the organization’s assumptions about customer service level requirements? Using customer feedback, it ranks the elements of service by criticality in the customers' eyes and assesses how well the organization meets those requirements in comparison with the competition.


Internal service level change

Many costs may be sitting behind providing services that in reality may not be needed at the current level of service or may not be needed at all. Rarely do businesses actually check to see if the 'internal customer' of the services rates the importance of the service as high and if so then rates the level of service given. Everyone makes assumptions about the services they provide. A simple check might cut out many costs that are wasted on providing services that nobody now needs.


Stop supporting unprofitable business

It's hard to contemplate actually dropping business as a means to reduce costs and improve profitability. But it is often the case that though conventional measures of performance such as gross margin may suggest things are all well there may be many factors that are eroding the gross margin and leaving the firm with products and customers that really only deliver negative net margins. This loss generally lurks hidden in the business. It may even be a high volume customer - everyone's favorite!


Overhead activity analysis

Essential to the Overhead Review, therefore, is an understanding of the activities that take place and their alignment with the critical success factors. We classify overhead activities as either core, support or discretionary or noise.

Core activities add direct value to the business: They are the activities which build the future.

Support activities deliver the current business: purchasing, selling, making, distributing, invoicing and so forth.

Discretionary activities are to do with risk: checking, reporting, seeking approvals.

Noise accounts for a large percentage of time in most organizations. It is the result of process failures: sorting out problems caused by late or incomplete deliveries, fixing errors, product redesign, urgent order processing, special delivery and so forth.
Core activities are 'important'. Noise activities tend to be 'urgent'; they take precedence over the important things you should be doing. But if can fix the root causes of noise then we can increase our capacity to do more of what we supposed to be doing to grow the business.


Rebalancing Resources

At the heart of the approach are three ways of managing the cost of overhead activities and outputs. By thinking about activities in different ways it makes it far easier to make changes across an organization in a structured manner, looking at the relative merits of making reductions in some areas and increases in others.


Method change

This applies where an activity can be performed at lower cost by changing the method used - for example, through automation, staff training and process simplification or by re-sequencing tasks or moving activity to other parts of the organization.


Process change

Most noise activity is driven by process failure upstream of the function in which it occurs. So the process failure which requires an accounts clerk to raise a customer credit note is likely to have occurred elsewhere, not in the accounts department. When the failures are strung together along a process it is often the case that a simple enhancement at the start of the process can cause a cascade of improvements in every function downstream.

The Overhead Review encourages people to think hard about the way they operate and to suggest radically different ways of doing things. How could they manage with significantly reduced resources and yet adequately accomplish the key tasks the business demands of them? What could they avoid doing if others did their jobs better? What important business needs could be met if they had more resources? What improvements to systems and processes would benefit the business?

The outcome is not merely an overall reduction in cost. A shift from noise to core activity occurs, as the organization reduces failures and the number of unnecessary tasks, and concentrates instead on meeting key business and customer needs.


Key benefits

The Overhead Review delivers a significant and rapid reduction in overhead costs - at least 20%, normally identified within a timescale of 10 to 14 weeks. It achieves a major re-balancing of resources to meet the most pressing needs of the day. In addition, it provides:

Improved delivery of services critical to customers;
Increased awareness of the cost of noise activity caused by failures along processes;
Cross-functional understanding of business processes and the collapse of functional barriers;
Management and staff commitment to and ownership of the proposals for improvement;
A new and enduring attitude, which seeks to minimize wasted effort and meet the key needs of the business.
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Pendahuluan Organisasi di bawah tekanan untuk menjaga biaya overhead rendah juga menghadapi tuntutan untuk meningkatkan sumber daya untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan layanan pelanggan. Biasanya, Ulasan Overhead dilakukan dengan benar akan mengidentifikasi penghematan biaya antara 20% dan 25% dari semua biaya overhead terkendali. Sementara di beberapa daerah, biaya dapat sangat dipotong; daerah lain mungkin menerima sumber daya tambahan untuk memenuhi imperatif bisnis yang lebih efektif. Akibatnya, sumber daya skor kembali. Memilih pendekatan yang tepat untuk review atas di salah satu ujung spektrum adalah radikal pemotongan biaya - sering mendesak akibat perubahan pasar? Di ujung lain adalah perbaikan yang terus menerus - mengejar jangka panjang keuntungan tambahan. Pendekatan yang dijelaskan di sini mengejar jalan tengah; yang menangani tugas yang sangat sulit - mengurangi biaya dan meningkatkan tingkat pelayanan pada saat yang sama Libatkan orang Dalam kebanyakan bisnis, perbaikan yang tak terhitung jumlahnya dalam efektivitas biaya overhead dapat diidentifikasi, namun sejumlah perubahan tertentu akan sering cukup untuk memenangkan sebagian besar tersedia manfaat. Solusi untuk sebagian besar masalah bisnis dapat - dan harus - diidentifikasi oleh karyawan organisasi. Mereka tahu bisnis mereka terbaik; individual dan kolektif, mereka memiliki pengalaman bertahun-tahun. Namun tekanan dari kehidupan bisnis dapat mengikis kemampuan mereka untuk menyatukan pengetahuan dan berbagi pengalaman. Manajer dan staf mungkin menemukan diri mereka bekerja dalam isolasi fungsional dan tidak mampu melihat gambaran besar. Untuk membuka nilai atas mereka membutuhkan kendaraan untuk membawa orang-orang di semua tingkatan bersama-sama dalam proses ketat analisis lintas fungsional; bersama-sama menjajaki peluang untuk perbaikan dan menetapkan prioritas untuk perubahan. Sebuah Tinjauan Overhead harus bertujuan untuk: Pastikan bahwa layanan yang diberikan adalah apa yang mewajibkan pelanggan, eksternal maupun internal,; Pastikan bahwa biaya (semua jenis) benar-benar memberikan produk dan layanan yang menguntungkan untuk menguntungkan pelanggan, Menghilangkan akar penyebab kegagalan proses yang mengarah pada kegiatan terbuang berlebihan (kami menyebutnya 'Kebisingan') sumber Re-balance, untuk mendukung bidang-bidang usaha yang sangat penting untuk keberhasilan dengan mengorbankan daerah-daerah yang kurang . kritis Banyak teknik yang digunakan untuk mengungkap peluang perbaikan, yang utama adalah: Mengidentifikasi faktor penentu keberhasilan - Menghapus bisnis margin bersih yang sangat negatif; Overhead analisis aktivitas Nilai untuk analisis uang Re-balancing sumber daya Dalam salah satu kasus, teknik-teknik tertentu akan menjadi kuat; lain akan kurang relevan. Mengidentifikasi faktor penentu keberhasilan Awal masuk akal untuk Ulasan Overhead dimulai dengan pertanyaan - bagaimana diandalkan adalah asumsi organisasi tentang persyaratan tingkat layanan pelanggan? Menggunakan umpan balik pelanggan, ia menempati urutan unsur-unsur pelayanan oleh kekritisan di mata pelanggan dan menilai seberapa baik organisasi memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut dibandingkan dengan kompetisi. layanan internal perubahan tingkat Banyak biaya dapat duduk di belakang layanan yang menyediakan bahwa dalam kenyataannya mungkin tidak dibutuhkan pada tingkat saat ini layanan atau mungkin tidak diperlukan sama sekali. Jarang bisnis benar-benar memeriksa untuk melihat apakah 'pelanggan internal layanan tarif pentingnya layanan tinggi dan jika demikian maka harga tingkat layanan yang diberikan. Semua orang membuat asumsi tentang layanan yang mereka berikan. Pemeriksaan sederhana mungkin memotong banyak biaya yang terbuang pada penyediaan layanan yang tidak ada sekarang perlu. Berhenti mendukung bisnis menguntungkan Sulit untuk merenungkan benar-benar menjatuhkan bisnis sebagai sarana untuk mengurangi biaya dan meningkatkan keuntungan. Tapi itu sering terjadi bahwa meskipun langkah-langkah konvensional kinerja seperti margin kotor mungkin menyarankan hal-hal yang semua baik mungkin ada banyak faktor yang mengikis margin kotor dan meninggalkan perusahaan dengan produk dan pelanggan yang benar-benar hanya memberikan margin bersih negatif. Kerugian ini umumnya mengintai tersembunyi dalam bisnis. Bahkan mungkin pelanggan volume tinggi - favorit semua orang! analisis aktivitas Overhead Penting untuk Review Overhead, oleh karena itu, pemahaman tentang kegiatan yang berlangsung dan keselarasan mereka dengan faktor penentu keberhasilan. Kami mengklasifikasikan aktivitas overhead inti baik, mendukung atau diskresi atau kebisingan. Kegiatan inti menambah nilai langsung ke bisnis. Mereka adalah kegiatan yang membangun masa depan kegiatan Dukungan memberikan bisnis saat ini: pembelian, penjualan, membuat, mendistribusikan, faktur dan sebagainya . sebagainya kegiatan Discretionary yang harus dilakukan dengan resiko:. memeriksa, pelaporan, mencari persetujuan Kebisingan menyumbang persentase yang besar dari waktu di kebanyakan organisasi. Ini adalah hasil dari kegagalan proses: memilah masalah yang disebabkan oleh terlambat atau tidak lengkap pengiriman, memperbaiki kesalahan, desain ulang produk, pemrosesan order mendesak, kilat khusus dan sebagainya. Kegiatan inti yang 'penting'. Kegiatan kebisingan cenderung 'mendesak'; mereka lebih diutamakan daripada hal-hal penting yang seharusnya Anda lakukan. Tapi jika bisa memperbaiki akar penyebab kebisingan maka kita dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kita untuk melakukan lebih dari apa yang kita seharusnya lakukan untuk mengembangkan bisnis. Rebalancing Resources Di jantung pendekatan tiga cara mengelola biaya kegiatan overhead dan output . Dengan memikirkan kegiatan dengan cara yang berbeda itu membuat jauh lebih mudah untuk membuat perubahan di seluruh organisasi dengan cara yang terstruktur, melihat manfaat relatif dari melakukan pengurangan di beberapa daerah dan peningkatan lain. Metode Perubahan ini berlaku di mana suatu kegiatan dapat dilakukan di biaya yang lebih rendah dengan mengubah metode yang digunakan -. misalnya, melalui otomatisasi, pelatihan staf dan penyederhanaan proses atau tugas kembali sequencing atau memindahkan kegiatan ke bagian lain dari organisasi perubahan Proses kegiatan kebisingan Sebagian didorong oleh kegagalan proses hulu dari fungsi di yang terjadi. Jadi kegagalan proses yang membutuhkan petugas account untuk meningkatkan catatan kredit pelanggan cenderung terjadi di tempat lain, bukan di departemen account. Ketika kegagalan yang dirangkai sepanjang proses itu sering terjadi bahwa perangkat tambahan sederhana pada awal proses dapat menyebabkan riam perbaikan di setiap fungsi hilir. Review Overhead mendorong orang untuk berpikir keras tentang cara mereka beroperasi dan menyarankan cara yang sangat berbeda dalam melakukan sesuatu. Bagaimana mereka bisa mengelola dengan sumber daya secara signifikan berkurang dan belum memadai menyelesaikan tugas-tugas kunci tuntutan bisnis mereka? Apa yang bisa mereka lakukan jika orang lain menghindari melakukan pekerjaan mereka lebih baik? Apa kebutuhan bisnis penting dapat dipenuhi jika mereka memiliki lebih banyak sumber daya? Apa perbaikan sistem dan proses akan menguntungkan bisnis? Hasilnya bukan hanya pengurangan secara keseluruhan biaya. Pergeseran dari kebisingan aktivitas inti terjadi, sebagai organisasi mengurangi kegagalan dan jumlah tugas yang tidak perlu, dan berkonsentrasi hanya pada pertemuan bisnis dan kebutuhan pelanggan kunci. Kunci manfaat Review Overhead memberikan penurunan yang signifikan dan cepat dalam biaya overhead - setidaknya 20 %, biasanya diidentifikasi dalam skala waktu dari 10 sampai 14 minggu. Ini mencapai re-balancing utama sumber daya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang paling mendesak hari. Selain itu, ia menyediakan: Peningkatan pelayanan penting bagi pelanggan, Peningkatan kesadaran biaya kegiatan kebisingan yang disebabkan oleh kegagalan di sepanjang proses, pemahaman lintas fungsional proses bisnis dan runtuhnya hambatan fungsional, Manajemen dan komitmen staf dan kepemilikan proposal untuk perbaikan, Sebuah sikap baru dan abadi, yang berusaha untuk meminimalkan usaha sia-sia dan memenuhi kebutuhan utama bisnis.
















































































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