Symplocos ophirensis Clarke, Fl. Br

Symplocos ophirensis Clarke, Fl. Br. Ind. 3 (1882)
Latin for 'from Mt. Ophir', currently known as Gunung Ledang, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia.

Synonyms
Eugeniodes ophirense (Clarke) O.K.
Symplocos agusanensis Elmer
Symplocos angularis Elmer
Symplocos brachybotrys Merr.
Symplocos cumingiana Brand
Symplocos curtiflora Elmer
Symplocos elliptifolia Merr.
Symplocos fragrans Elmer
Symplocos ilocana Merr.
Symplocos minutiflora Elmer
Symplocos pachyphylla Merr.
Symplocos perakensis King & Gamble
Symplocos purpurascens Brand

Description
Shrub or tree to 23 m high and 42 cm diameter. Twigs glabrous, or sometimes the youngest parts appressedly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, except sometimes the very youngest, cuneate or rounded to acuminate, with cuneate base and entire, glandular crenulate to denticulate or serrate margin, elliptic to ovate or obovate, 5-22 by l.5-7cm; nerves 4-13(-l6) pairs, anastomosing or meeting in an intramarginal vein; petiole 2-10(-20) mm. Flowers in a short raceme, a 3-5-branched panicle of racemes or a spike of 1-3(-6 in Sumatra) cm, rarely only 1-3 flowers together; axis appressed pubescent to minutely puberulous or nearly glabrous. Bracts and bracteoles caducous or persistent, with same indumcnt as axis, 0.5-1.5(-3) mm and slightly shorter than that respectively. Calyx with same indumcnt as ovary or less hairy, 0.5-1(-2.5-3.5 in ssp. cumingianu var. pachyphylla) mm long. Corolla 2-5 mm. Stamens 20-60, but more than 75 in var. pachyphylla. Disk glabrous to shortly pilose, 5-glandular. Ovary mostly with same indument as inflorescence axis, or densely appressedly pubescent, rarely glabrous, c. l.5 mm; style glabrous to pilose, 3-5(-8) mm. Fruit ampulliform, with long neck, to ovoid, rarely ellipsoid or cylindrical; stone with coarse surface, low lengthwise ridges, or high, interrupted ridges and then with hollow base, filled with fleshy mesocarp. Seed 1, embryo obscurely S-shaped, curved with an angle of c. 90 degrees ¡À halfway its length, or twice screw-like curved. [From Flora Malesiana]

Ecology
In undisturbed mixed dipterocarp, bamboo, sub-montane and montane forests up to 3700 m altitude. Usually on alluvial sites and on lower hillsides with sandy to clay soils, or granite. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.

Uses
The wood is locally used for planks.

Distribution
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, East-Kalimantan), Philippines, Celebes.

Local names
Borneo: Entulang jerak, Lemasok, Loboh, Mantinagar.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Symplocos ophirensis Clarke, Fl. Br. ind 3 (1882)Bahasa Latin untuk 'dari Gunung Ledang', yang saat ini dikenal sebagai Gunung Ledang, Johor, Semenanjung Malaysia.SinonimEugeniodes ophirense (Clarke) OKSymplocos agusanensis ElmerSymplocos sabatia ElmerSymplocos brachybotrys Merr.Symplocos cumingiana merekSymplocos curtiflora ElmerSymplocos elliptifolia Merr.Symplocos fragrans ElmerSymplocos ilocana Merr.Symplocos minutiflora ElmerSymplocos pachyphylla Merr.Symplocos perakensis King & berjudiSymplocos purpurascens merekDeskripsiShrub or tree to 23 m high and 42 cm diameter. Twigs glabrous, or sometimes the youngest parts appressedly pubescent. Leaves glabrous, except sometimes the very youngest, cuneate or rounded to acuminate, with cuneate base and entire, glandular crenulate to denticulate or serrate margin, elliptic to ovate or obovate, 5-22 by l.5-7cm; nerves 4-13(-l6) pairs, anastomosing or meeting in an intramarginal vein; petiole 2-10(-20) mm. Flowers in a short raceme, a 3-5-branched panicle of racemes or a spike of 1-3(-6 in Sumatra) cm, rarely only 1-3 flowers together; axis appressed pubescent to minutely puberulous or nearly glabrous. Bracts and bracteoles caducous or persistent, with same indumcnt as axis, 0.5-1.5(-3) mm and slightly shorter than that respectively. Calyx with same indumcnt as ovary or less hairy, 0.5-1(-2.5-3.5 in ssp. cumingianu var. pachyphylla) mm long. Corolla 2-5 mm. Stamens 20-60, but more than 75 in var. pachyphylla. Disk glabrous to shortly pilose, 5-glandular. Ovary mostly with same indument as inflorescence axis, or densely appressedly pubescent, rarely glabrous, c. l.5 mm; style glabrous to pilose, 3-5(-8) mm. Fruit ampulliform, with long neck, to ovoid, rarely ellipsoid or cylindrical; stone with coarse surface, low lengthwise ridges, or high, interrupted ridges and then with hollow base, filled with fleshy mesocarp. Seed 1, embryo obscurely S-shaped, curved with an angle of c. 90 degrees ¡À halfway its length, or twice screw-like curved. [From Flora Malesiana]EcologyIn undisturbed mixed dipterocarp, bamboo, sub-montane and montane forests up to 3700 m altitude. Usually on alluvial sites and on lower hillsides with sandy to clay soils, or granite. In secondary forests usually present as a pre-disturbance remnant.UsesThe wood is locally used for planks.DistributionPeninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah, East-Kalimantan), Philippines, Celebes.Local namesBorneo: Entulang jerak, Lemasok, Loboh, Mantinagar.