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The Never-Ending Desire for BeautySince times past, humans have always tried to change and improve the way they look. We see this not only in changing fashions in clothes and hairstyles, but also in more lasting actions such as tattooing, body piercing, and cosmetic surgery.Tattooing is the procedure of putting ink under the skin with a needle in order to make a design or picture. People refer to this type of art as their “ink.” The word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word tautau; it entered English following the historic voyages of Captain Cook to Polynesia in the eighteenth century, where people commonly had tattoos on their bodies and faces. Tattooing has been practiced there and elsewhere over long periods. A frozen body found on the border between Austria and Italy from 5,300 years ago had multiple tattoos, and they have been found on mummies from Egypt, too. Until the modern era, tattoos were not common in the West. However, over the last 20 years, they have become a popular form of expression among young people. And the spread of removable tattoos means that they no longer need to be permanent. People acquire tattoos for many reasons. Some may mark an important event in a person’s life such as a birth or death. Others represent love. Many are simply for looks – the beauty of the artwork.In a similar way to tattooing, body piercing is also growing more and more popular among young people. Common places for piercings are the lips, tongue, and ears. Some people even have objects put under the skin of their foreheads to make them look as if they have horns. A recent survey found that 10 percent of people in the UK over the age of 16 had body piercings in areas other than the ears. As with tattooing, body piercing is not new; many cultures have such traditions, in particular that involving the ears, nose, and lips.The current popularity of tattooing and body piercing represents the basic desire to improve one’s looks. The growth of plastic surgery using modern medical techniques needs to be seen in this context. Plastic surgery refers to surgical procedures that repair, restore, or improve damaged body parts. During World War I, the need to treat the awful wounds suffered by soldiers prompted doctors to develop anesthesia, surgical equipment, and new drugs. These advances made modern plastic surgery possible.Plastic surgery may still be needed following an accident or disease, but often it is done just to change the way a person looks. Today, people globally spend an estimated US$ 30 billion dollars annually on surgery to make themselves look better. The most common operations are those that change the shape and size of the nose, eyes, or breasts.Critics say these procedures pose risks and thus are not needed; they urge people to avoid them. They suggest that a doctor’s time could be better spent treating sick people. However, these critics do not understand human nature. They forget the happiness and confidence that may come from a person’s cosmetic surgery. Given the universal human wish to appear attractive, such procedures are truly here to stay.
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