Anyway, some fairly involved procedures, but really worth it. Try it o terjemahan - Anyway, some fairly involved procedures, but really worth it. Try it o Melayu Bagaimana mengatakan

Anyway, some fairly involved proced

Anyway, some fairly involved procedures, but really worth it. Try it on a gram or two, you won't regret it!

Remember, if you screw up, you can just evaporate your solvents and recover your product.

RANDOM RE-CRYSTALLIZATION WISDOM:

me! (November 2006):
Quote
I 've been mentioning the use of isopropyl alcohol as a crystalization solvent for how long now? 2 years maybe?

it does work but nowhere near as reliably nor as cleanly as mek.

IPA only works marginally well with nasty sanchez.

mek will turn even greenish black slimy sanchez into clear crystal in an hour's time.

ipa is better suited as a second pass crystalization solvent.
Rhodium:
Quote
1) One good way for ensuring that your alcohol cools down nice and slow is to put some water in a pot and heat it to boiling and take it off of the heat. Then put your container with hot alcohol/dissolved crystals in the pot of water being sure not to get any water into the alcohol, cover the container, and let it cool down to room temperature. Then you can put the container with alcohol in the refridgerator to cool more. Then into the freezer to cool more. Then you can filter your pretty crystals out. Now there is usually still a little bit of product left in the alcohol, so if you boil off say 75% of the alcohol and repeat the cooling process you can get some more crystals. The slower the rate of cooling, the bigger the crystals formed.

2) The most common method of purifying solid organic compounds is by recrystallization. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. As the compound crystallizes from the solution, the molecules of the other compounds dissolved in solution are excluded from the growing crystal lattice, giving a pure solid.

3) Crystallization of a solid is not the same as precipitation of a solid. In crystallization, there is a slow, selective formation of the crystal framework resulting in a pure compound. In precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that usually produces an amorphous solid containing many trapped impurities within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, experimental procedures that produce a solid product by precipitation always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.

4) Once a suitable solvent is selected, place the impure solid in an Erlenmeyer flask and add a small volume of hot solvent to the flask. Erlenmeyer flasks are preferred over beakers for recrystallization because the conical shape of an Erlenmeyer flask decreases the amount of solvent lost to evaporation during heating, prevents the formation of a crust around the sides of the glass, and makes it easier to swirl the hot solution while dissolving the solid without splashing it out of the flask.

Keep the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask warm on a hot plate or in a water bath, and add small volumes of hot solvent to the flask until all of the solid just dissolves.

5) Sometimes the dissolved compound fails to crystallize from the solution on cooling. If this happens, crystallization can be induced by various methods. One way to induce crystallization is by scratching the inner wall of the Erlenmeyer flask with a glass stirring rod. This is believed to release very small particles of glass which act as nuclei for crystal growth. Another method of inducing crystallization is to add a small crystal of the desired compound, called a seed crystal, to the solution. Again, this seed crystal acts as a template on which the dissolved solid will begin crystallizing. If neither of these two techniques results in crystallization, the compound was probably dissolved in too much hot solvent. If you believe that you may have too much solvent for the amount of dissolved compound, reheat the solution to boiling, boil off or distill some of the solvent, and then allow the solution to cool to room temperature again to effect crystallization.
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Anyway, some fairly involved procedures, but really worth it. Try it on a gram or two, you won't regret it!Remember, if you screw up, you can just evaporate your solvents and recover your product.RANDOM RE-CRYSTALLIZATION WISDOM:me! (November 2006):QuoteI 've been mentioning the use of isopropyl alcohol as a crystalization solvent for how long now? 2 years maybe?it does work but nowhere near as reliably nor as cleanly as mek.IPA only works marginally well with nasty sanchez.mek will turn even greenish black slimy sanchez into clear crystal in an hour's time.ipa is better suited as a second pass crystalization solvent.Rhodium:Quote1) One good way for ensuring that your alcohol cools down nice and slow is to put some water in a pot and heat it to boiling and take it off of the heat. Then put your container with hot alcohol/dissolved crystals in the pot of water being sure not to get any water into the alcohol, cover the container, and let it cool down to room temperature. Then you can put the container with alcohol in the refridgerator to cool more. Then into the freezer to cool more. Then you can filter your pretty crystals out. Now there is usually still a little bit of product left in the alcohol, so if you boil off say 75% of the alcohol and repeat the cooling process you can get some more crystals. The slower the rate of cooling, the bigger the crystals formed.2) The most common method of purifying solid organic compounds is by recrystallization. In this technique, an impure solid compound is dissolved in a solvent and then allowed to slowly crystallize out as the solution cools. As the compound crystallizes from the solution, the molecules of the other compounds dissolved in solution are excluded from the growing crystal lattice, giving a pure solid.3) Crystallization of a solid is not the same as precipitation of a solid. In crystallization, there is a slow, selective formation of the crystal framework resulting in a pure compound. In precipitation, there is a rapid formation of a solid from a solution that usually produces an amorphous solid containing many trapped impurities within the solid's crystal framework. For this reason, experimental procedures that produce a solid product by precipitation always include a final recrystallization step to give the pure compound.4) Once a suitable solvent is selected, place the impure solid in an Erlenmeyer flask and add a small volume of hot solvent to the flask. Erlenmeyer flasks are preferred over beakers for recrystallization because the conical shape of an Erlenmeyer flask decreases the amount of solvent lost to evaporation during heating, prevents the formation of a crust around the sides of the glass, and makes it easier to swirl the hot solution while dissolving the solid without splashing it out of the flask.
Keep the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask warm on a hot plate or in a water bath, and add small volumes of hot solvent to the flask until all of the solid just dissolves.

5) Sometimes the dissolved compound fails to crystallize from the solution on cooling. If this happens, crystallization can be induced by various methods. One way to induce crystallization is by scratching the inner wall of the Erlenmeyer flask with a glass stirring rod. This is believed to release very small particles of glass which act as nuclei for crystal growth. Another method of inducing crystallization is to add a small crystal of the desired compound, called a seed crystal, to the solution. Again, this seed crystal acts as a template on which the dissolved solid will begin crystallizing. If neither of these two techniques results in crystallization, the compound was probably dissolved in too much hot solvent. If you believe that you may have too much solvent for the amount of dissolved compound, reheat the solution to boiling, boil off or distill some of the solvent, and then allow the solution to cool to room temperature again to effect crystallization.
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Bagaimanapun, beberapa prosedur yang agak terlibat, tetapi benar-benar berbaloi. Cuba pada satu atau dua gram, anda tidak akan menyesal! Ingat, jika anda skru sehingga, anda hanya boleh menguap pelarut anda dan mendapatkan produk anda. RAWAK RE-penghabluran KEBIJAKSANAAN: saya! (November 2006): Quote Saya telah telah menyebut penggunaan alkohol isopropyl sebagai pelarut crystalization untuk berapa lama sekarang? 2 tahun mungkin? Ia bekerja tetapi tidak ada tempat berhampiran sebagai pasti tidak sebagai bersih sebagai mek. IPA hanya berfungsi sedikit baik dengan sanchez jahat. Mek akan berubah walaupun kehijauan sanchez berlendir hitam ke dalam kristal yang jelas dalam masa satu jam. Ipa lebih sesuai sebagai satu saat lulus crystalization pelarut. rhodium: Quote 1) satu cara yang baik untuk memastikan bahawa alkohol anda menjadi sejuk bagus dan perlahan adalah untuk meletakkan sedikit air di dalam periuk dan panaskan hingga mendidih dan mengambil ia di luar panas. Kemudian meletakkan bekas anda dengan alkohol panas / kristal dibubarkan dalam periuk air yang pasti tidak mendapat apa-apa air ke dalam alkohol, tutup bekas, dan biarkan ia sejuk ke suhu bilik. Kemudian anda boleh meletakkan bekas dengan alkohol dalam refridgerator untuk menyejukkan lagi. Kemudian ke dalam peti sejuk untuk menyejukkan lagi. Kemudian anda boleh menapis kristal cantik anda keluar. Sekarang terdapat biasanya masih sedikit produk ditinggalkan dalam alkohol, jadi jika anda mendidih off mengatakan 75% daripada alkohol ini dan mengulangi proses penyejukan, anda boleh mendapatkan lebih banyak kristal. Yang lebih perlahan kadar penyejukan, yang lebih besar kristal terbentuk. 2) Kaedah yang biasa membersihkan sebatian organik pepejal oleh penghabluran semula. Dalam teknik ini, sebatian pepejal jahat dilarutkan dalam pelarut dan kemudian dibenarkan untuk perlahan-lahan menjadi kenyataan sebagai penyelesaian sejuk. Kerana bahan kompaun yang menghablur daripada penyelesaian, molekul sebatian yang lain larut dalam larutan dikecualikan daripada kristal kekisi yang semakin meningkat, memberi yang kukuh. Tulen 3) Penghabluran yang kukuh tidak sama seperti pemendakan yang kukuh. Dalam penghabluran, ada yang perlahan, pembentukan terpilih rangka kerja kristal menyebabkan sebatian tulen. Dalam hujan, terdapat pembentukan pesat yang kukuh dari satu penyelesaian yang biasanya menghasilkan amorfus pepejal yang mengandungi banyak kekotoran terperangkap dalam kerangka kristal solid. Atas sebab ini, prosedur eksperimen yang menghasilkan produk yang kukuh oleh hujan sentiasa termasuk penghabluran semula Langkah terakhir untuk memberi kompaun tulen. 4) Apabila pelarut yang sesuai dipilih, letakkan pepejal jahat dalam kelalang Erlenmeyer dan menambah jumlah kecil pelarut panas untuk kelalang. Termos Erlenmeyer lebih digemari berbanding bikar untuk penghabluran semula kerana bentuk kon yang kelalang Erlenmeyer mengurangkan jumlah pelarut kalah kepada penyejatan semasa pemanasan, menghalang pembentukan kerak di bahagian sisi kaca, dan menjadikannya lebih mudah untuk pusaran penyelesaian sementara panas membubarkan pepejal tanpa percikan keluar kelalang. Pastikan penyelesaian dalam Erlenmeyer kelalang hangat pada plat panas atau mandi air, dan menambah isipadu kecil pelarut panas kelalang sehingga semua pepejal hanya larut. 5) Kadang-kadang kompaun dibubarkan gagal Kristal daripada penyelesaian apabila disejukkan. Jika ini berlaku, penghabluran boleh disebabkan oleh pelbagai kaedah. Salah satu cara untuk mendorong penghabluran adalah dengan menggaru dinding dalam kelalang Erlenmeyer dengan rod kaca kacau. Ini dipercayai melepaskan zarah yang sangat kecil kaca yang bertindak sebagai nukleus untuk pertumbuhan kristal. Satu lagi kaedah mendorong penghabluran adalah untuk menambah kristal kecil sebatian yang dikehendaki, yang dipanggil kristal benih, untuk penyelesaian. Sekali lagi, kristal benih ini bertindak sebagai template di mana pepejal terlarut akan bermula crystallizing. Jika kedua-dua teknik keputusan dalam penghabluran, sebatian itu mungkin dibubarkan dalam terlalu banyak pelarut panas. Jika anda percaya bahawa anda mungkin mempunyai terlalu banyak pelarut untuk amaun kompaun dibubarkan, memanaskan semula penyelesaian untuk mendidih, rebus off atau menyuling beberapa pelarut, dan kemudian membenarkan penyelesaian untuk sejuk ke suhu bilik lagi untuk melaksanakan penghabluran.




























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