Theoretical backgroundCulture, curricula, and inclusionIn Portugal, th terjemahan - Theoretical backgroundCulture, curricula, and inclusionIn Portugal, th Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Theoretical backgroundCulture, curr

Theoretical background
Culture, curricula, and inclusion
In Portugal, the curriculum was mono-cultural at first, as if every student participated
in the mainstream culture. Those from other cultures had to adapt to the
mainstream culture in order to access school achievement. Then came the multicultural
curriculum, in which several cultures coexisted but with no sense of sharing
and mutual recognition. In an intercultural curriculum, the sharing of knowledge
and solving strategies is assumed, as is the wealth deriving from interaction among
cultures (Leite, 2002). When the importance of culture in thinking and performances,
in solving strategies and/or in responses was realized, the need for differentiated
curricula and practices was understood. Teachers should take into account
the particularities of each culture, particularly the mother tongue and the symbolic
systems (César, 2009, 2013a, 2014).
In an intercultural and inclusive approach, the curriculum becomes emancipatory
(Freire, 1921/1985), allowing vulnerable cultural minorities to share their
own knowledge and ways of thinking, to appropriate knowledge, to develop and
to mobilize abilities and competences, promoting school and social inclusion. Positioning
itself as a mediational tool between school cultures and the other cultures
in which students participate, the curriculum can contribute to the development of
regulatory dynamics, allowing students to act as legitimate participants instead of
peripheral participants (César, 2009, 2013a, 2013b; César & Oliveira, 2005; Lave &
Wenger, 1991).
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Theoretical backgroundCulture, curricula, and inclusionIn Portugal, the curriculum was mono-cultural at first, as if every student participatedin the mainstream culture. Those from other cultures had to adapt to themainstream culture in order to access school achievement. Then came the multiculturalcurriculum, in which several cultures coexisted but with no sense of sharingand mutual recognition. In an intercultural curriculum, the sharing of knowledgeand solving strategies is assumed, as is the wealth deriving from interaction amongcultures (Leite, 2002). When the importance of culture in thinking and performances,in solving strategies and/or in responses was realized, the need for differentiatedcurricula and practices was understood. Teachers should take into accountthe particularities of each culture, particularly the mother tongue and the symbolicsystems (César, 2009, 2013a, 2014).In an intercultural and inclusive approach, the curriculum becomes emancipatory(Freire, 1921/1985), allowing vulnerable cultural minorities to share theirown knowledge and ways of thinking, to appropriate knowledge, to develop andto mobilize abilities and competences, promoting school and social inclusion. Positioningitself as a mediational tool between school cultures and the other culturesin which students participate, the curriculum can contribute to the development ofregulatory dynamics, allowing students to act as legitimate participants instead ofperipheral participants (César, 2009, 2013a, 2013b; César & Oliveira, 2005; Lave &Wenger, 1991).
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Budaya, kurikulum, dan inklusi
Di Portugal, kurikulum adalah mono-budaya pada awalnya, seakan setiap siswa berpartisipasi
dalam budaya mainstream. Orang-orang dari budaya lain harus beradaptasi dengan
budaya mainstream untuk mengakses prestasi sekolah. Kemudian datang multikultural
kurikulum, di mana beberapa budaya hidup berdampingan tapi tanpa rasa berbagi
dan saling pengakuan. Dalam kurikulum antar budaya, berbagi pengetahuan
strategi dan pemecahan diasumsikan, seperti kekayaan yang berasal dari interaksi antara
budaya (Leite, 2002). Ketika pentingnya budaya dalam berpikir dan pertunjukan,
dalam memecahkan strategi dan / atau di tanggapan diwujudkan, kebutuhan untuk dibedakan
kurikulum dan praktek dipahami. Guru harus mempertimbangkan
kekhasan budaya masing-masing, terutama bahasa ibu dan simbolik
sistem (César, 2009, 2013a, 2014).
Dalam pendekatan antarbudaya dan inklusif, kurikulum menjadi emansipatoris
(Freire, 1921/1985), yang memungkinkan rentan budaya minoritas untuk berbagi mereka
pengetahuan sendiri dan cara berpikir, pengetahuan yang tepat, untuk mengembangkan dan
untuk memobilisasi kemampuan dan kompetensi, mempromosikan sekolah dan inklusi sosial. Memposisikan
diri sebagai alat mediational antara budaya sekolah dan budaya lain
di mana siswa berpartisipasi, kurikulum dapat berkontribusi untuk pengembangan
dinamika regulasi, yang memungkinkan siswa untuk bertindak peserta yang sah bukan
peserta perifer (César, 2009, 2013a, 2013b; César & Oliveira, 2005; Lave &
Wenger, 1991).
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