CourtesyThis is when an employee is aware of the problems and needs of terjemahan - CourtesyThis is when an employee is aware of the problems and needs of Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

CourtesyThis is when an employee is

Courtesy
This is when an employee is aware of the problems and needs of other employees. They can propose solutions and ways to
prevent the problem in the future (Allison et al., 2001). This type of behavi
our is also specified as keeping the employees
informed in order to prevent business related problems from occurring (Organ & Lingl, 1995). It also includes making an effor
t to
create and maintain positive communication within the organization (Organ, 1988
).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In the 1930s Chester Bernard observed the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behaviour, which he then termed "Extra
-
role
behaviours". The distinction made between in
-
role behaviours and extra
-
role behaviours is evident in the management literature
(c
f. Katz & Kahn, 1978; Turnip seed, 2002; MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Fetter, 1991). In
-
role behaviour is required or expected
behaviour and is the basis of regular and ongoing job performance (Katz, 1964). If employees fail to perform required behavio
ur,
they
do not receive organizational rewards. In contrast, Extra
-
role behaviours are discretionary in nature and are usually not
recognized by the organization's formal reward system (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Bommer, 1996).
Van Dayne (1998) believes that these b
ehaviours are (1) not specified in advance by role prescriptions, (2) not recognized by
formal reward systems, and (3) not a source of punitive consequences when not performed by job incumbents. One form of extra
-
role employee behaviours that was populariz
ed about two decades ago and has also received considerable attention is
organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) (cf. Batenam & Organ, 1983; Organ, 1988; Borman & Motowidlo, 1993; Williams
& Anderson, 1991). Organ (1988, p. 4) defined organizational c
itizenship behaviours as:
"Individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in th
e
aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. By discretionary, we mean that the b
ehaviour is not an
enforceable requirement of the role or the job description, that is, the clearly specifiable terms of the person’s employment
contract with the organization; the behaviour is rather a matter of personal choice, such that its omission is
not generally
understood as punishable
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CourtesyThis is when an employee is aware of the problems and needs of other employees. They can propose solutions and ways to prevent the problem in the future (Allison et al., 2001). This type of behaviour is also specified as keeping the employees informed in order to prevent business related problems from occurring (Organ & Lingl, 1995). It also includes making an effort to create and maintain positive communication within the organization (Organ, 1988).REVIEW OF LITERATUREIn the 1930s Chester Bernard observed the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behaviour, which he then termed "Extra-role behaviours". The distinction made between in-role behaviours and extra-role behaviours is evident in the management literature (cf. Katz & Kahn, 1978; Turnip seed, 2002; MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Fetter, 1991). In-role behaviour is required or expected behaviour and is the basis of regular and ongoing job performance (Katz, 1964). If employees fail to perform required behaviour, they do not receive organizational rewards. In contrast, Extra-role behaviours are discretionary in nature and are usually not recognized by the organization's formal reward system (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Bommer, 1996). Van Dayne (1998) believes that these behaviours are (1) not specified in advance by role prescriptions, (2) not recognized by formal reward systems, and (3) not a source of punitive consequences when not performed by job incumbents. One form of extra-role employee behaviours that was popularized about two decades ago and has also received considerable attention is organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) (cf. Batenam & Organ, 1983; Organ, 1988; Borman & Motowidlo, 1993; Williams & Anderson, 1991). Organ (1988, p. 4) defined organizational citizenship behaviours as:"Individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. By discretionary, we mean that the behaviour is not an enforceable requirement of the role or the job description, that is, the clearly specifiable terms of the person’s employmentcontract with the organization; the behaviour is rather a matter of personal choice, such that its omission is not generally understood as punishable
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Courtesy
ini adalah ketika seorang karyawan menyadari masalah dan kebutuhan karyawan lainnya. Mereka dapat mengajukan solusi dan cara untuk
mencegah masalah di masa depan (Allison et al., 2001). Jenis behavi
kami juga ditetapkan sebagai menjaga karyawan
informasi untuk mencegah masalah yang berhubungan bisnis dari terjadi (Organ & Lingl, 1995). Hal ini juga termasuk membuat effor
t untuk
menciptakan dan memelihara komunikasi yang positif dalam organisasi (Organ,
1988).
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Pada 1930 Chester Bernard mengamati fenomena perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi, yang kemudian ia disebut "Extra
-
peran
perilaku". Perbedaan dibuat antara di
-
peran perilaku dan ekstra
-
perilaku peran jelas dalam pengelolaan literatur
(c
f Katz & Kahn, 1978; benih Turnip, 2002; MacKenzie, Podsakoff, & Fetter, 1991.). Dalam
-
perilaku peran diperlukan atau diharapkan
perilaku dan merupakan dasar dari kinerja pekerjaan tetap dan berkelanjutan (Katz, 1964). Jika karyawan gagal untuk melakukan behavio diperlukan
ur,
mereka
tidak menerima imbalan organisasi. Sebaliknya, Extra
-
perilaku peran yang diskresioner di alam dan biasanya
tidak. Dikenali oleh sistem reward formal organisasi (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Bommer, 1996)
Van Dayne (1998) percaya bahwa ini b
ehaviours adalah (1) tidak ditentukan dalam maju dengan resep peran, (2) tidak diakui oleh
sistem reward formal, dan (3) tidak sumber konsekuensi hukuman bila tidak dilakukan oleh pemegang jabatan. Salah satu bentuk tambahan
-
perilaku peran karyawan yang populariz
ed sekitar dua dekade lalu dan juga telah menerima banyak perhatian adalah
perilaku warga organisasi (OCBs) (lih Batenam & Organ, 1983; Organ, 1988; Borman & Motowidlo, 1993; Williams
& Anderson, 1991). Organ (. 1988, p 4) didefinisikan c organisasi
perilaku itizenship sebagai:
"perilaku individu yang diskresioner, tidak langsung atau eksplisit diakui oleh sistem reward formal dan yang di th
e. Agregat mempromosikan fungsi efektif organisasi By diskresioner, kami berarti bahwa b ehaviour bukanlah persyaratan dilaksanakan dari peran atau deskripsi pekerjaan, yaitu, istilah jelas specifiable kerja seseorang kontrak dengan organisasi; perilaku lebih merupakan masalah pilihan pribadi, sehingga kelalaian adalah tidak umumnya dipahami sebagai hukuman





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