Zoo conservation programmesOne of London Zoo’s recent advertisements c terjemahan - Zoo conservation programmesOne of London Zoo’s recent advertisements c Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Zoo conservation programmesOne of L

Zoo conservation programmes
One of London Zoo’s recent advertisements caused me some irritation, so
patently did it distort reality. Headlined “Without zoos you might as well tell
these animals to get stuffed”, it was bordered with illustrations of several
endangered species and went on to extol the myth that without zoos like
London Zoo these animals “will almost certainly disappear forever”. With
the zoo world’s rather mediocre record on conservation, one might be
forgiven for being slightly sceptical about such an advertisement.
Zoos were originally created as places of entertainment, and their suggested
involvement with conservation didn’t seriously arise until about 30 years
ago, when the Zoological Society of London held the first formal
international meeting on the subject. Eight years later, a series of world
conferences took place, entitled “The Breeding of Endangered Species”, and
from this point onwards conservation became the zoo community’s
buzzword. This commitment has now been clearh defined in The World Zpo
Conservation Strategy (WZGS, September 1993), which although an
important and welcome document does seem to be based on an unrealistic
optimism about the nature of the zoo industry
The WZCS estimates that there are about 10,000 zoos in the world, of which
around 1,000 represent a core of quality collections capable of participating
in co-ordinated conservation programmes. This is probably the document’s
first failing, as I believe that 10,000 is a serious underestimate of the total
number of places masquerading as zoological establishments. Of course it is
difficult to get accurate data but, to put the issue into perspective, I have
found that, in a year of working in Eastern Europe, I discover fresh zoos on
almost a weekly basis.
The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS document is the naive faith it
places in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the calibre of these
institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion
for inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of a
zoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working on
the premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts don’t
support the theory. The greatly respected American Association of Zoological
Parks and Aquariums (AAZPA) has had extremely dubious members, and in
the UK the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland has occasionally had members that have been roundly censured in the national press.
These include Robin Hill Adventure Park on the Isle of Wight, which many
considered the most notorious collection of animals in the country. This
establishment, which for years was protected by the Isle’s local council (which
viewed it as a tourist amenity), was finally closed down following a damning
report by a veterinary inspector appointed under the terms of the Zoo Licensing
Act 1981. As it was always a collection of dubious repute, one is obliged to
reflect upon the standards that the Zoo Federation sets when granting
membership. The situation is even worse in developing countries where little
money is available for redevelopment and it is hard to see a way of incorporating
collections into the overall scheme of the WZCS.
Even assuming that the WZCS’s 1,000 core zoos are all of a high standard
complete with scientific staff and research facilities, trained and dedicated
keepers, accommodation that permits normal or natural behaviour, and a policy
of co-operating fully with one another what might be the potential for
conservation? Colin Tudge, author of Last Animals at the Zoo (Oxford University
Press, 1992), argues that “if the world”s zoos worked together in co-operative
breeding programmes, then even without further expansion they could save
around 2,000 species of endangered land vertebrates’. This seems an extremely
optimistic proposition from a man who must be aware of the failings and
weaknesses of the zoo industry the man who, when a member of the council of
London Zoo, had to persuade the zoo to devote more of its activities to
conservation. Moreover, where are the facts to support such optimism?
Today approximately 16 species might be said to have been “saved” by captive
breeding programmes, although a number of these can hardly be looked upon
as resounding successes. Beyond that, about a further 20 species are being
seriously considered for zoo conservation programmes. Given that the
international conference at London Zoo was held 30 years ago, this is pretty
slow progress, and a long way off Tudge’s target of 2,000.
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Zoo conservation programmesOne of London Zoo’s recent advertisements caused me some irritation, sopatently did it distort reality. Headlined “Without zoos you might as well tellthese animals to get stuffed”, it was bordered with illustrations of severalendangered species and went on to extol the myth that without zoos likeLondon Zoo these animals “will almost certainly disappear forever”. Withthe zoo world’s rather mediocre record on conservation, one might beforgiven for being slightly sceptical about such an advertisement.Zoos were originally created as places of entertainment, and their suggestedinvolvement with conservation didn’t seriously arise until about 30 yearsago, when the Zoological Society of London held the first formalinternational meeting on the subject. Eight years later, a series of worldconferences took place, entitled “The Breeding of Endangered Species”, andfrom this point onwards conservation became the zoo community’sbuzzword. This commitment has now been clearh defined in The World ZpoConservation Strategy (WZGS, September 1993), which although animportant and welcome document does seem to be based on an unrealisticoptimism about the nature of the zoo industryThe WZCS estimates that there are about 10,000 zoos in the world, of whicharound 1,000 represent a core of quality collections capable of participatingin co-ordinated conservation programmes. This is probably the document’sfirst failing, as I believe that 10,000 is a serious underestimate of the totalnumber of places masquerading as zoological establishments. Of course it isdifficult to get accurate data but, to put the issue into perspective, I havefound that, in a year of working in Eastern Europe, I discover fresh zoos onalmost a weekly basis.The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS document is the naive faith itplaces in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the calibre of theseinstitutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterionfor inclusion on this select list might merely be that the zoo is a member of azoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working onthe premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts don’tsupport the theory. The greatly respected American Association of ZoologicalParks and Aquariums (AAZPA) has had extremely dubious members, and inthe UK the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland has occasionally had members that have been roundly censured in the national press.These include Robin Hill Adventure Park on the Isle of Wight, which manyconsidered the most notorious collection of animals in the country. Thisestablishment, which for years was protected by the Isle’s local council (whichviewed it as a tourist amenity), was finally closed down following a damningreport by a veterinary inspector appointed under the terms of the Zoo LicensingAct 1981. As it was always a collection of dubious repute, one is obliged toreflect upon the standards that the Zoo Federation sets when grantingmembership. The situation is even worse in developing countries where littlemoney is available for redevelopment and it is hard to see a way of incorporatingcollections into the overall scheme of the WZCS.Even assuming that the WZCS’s 1,000 core zoos are all of a high standardcomplete with scientific staff and research facilities, trained and dedicatedkeepers, accommodation that permits normal or natural behaviour, and a policyof co-operating fully with one another what might be the potential forconservation? Colin Tudge, author of Last Animals at the Zoo (Oxford UniversityPress, 1992), argues that “if the world”s zoos worked together in co-operativebreeding programmes, then even without further expansion they could savearound 2,000 species of endangered land vertebrates’. This seems an extremelyoptimistic proposition from a man who must be aware of the failings andweaknesses of the zoo industry the man who, when a member of the council ofLondon Zoo, had to persuade the zoo to devote more of its activities toconservation. Moreover, where are the facts to support such optimism?Today approximately 16 species might be said to have been “saved” by captivebreeding programmes, although a number of these can hardly be looked uponas resounding successes. Beyond that, about a further 20 species are beingseriously considered for zoo conservation programmes. Given that theinternational conference at London Zoo was held 30 years ago, this is prettyslow progress, and a long way off Tudge’s target of 2,000.
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Program konservasi Zoo
Salah satu iklan terbaru London Zoo menyebabkan saya beberapa iritasi, sehingga
terang-terangan melakukannya mendistorsi realitas. Berjudul "Tanpa kebun binatang Anda mungkin juga memberitahu
hewan-hewan ini untuk mendapatkan boneka ", itu berbatasan dengan ilustrasi dari beberapa
spesies yang terancam punah dan melanjutkan untuk memuji mitos bahwa tanpa kebun binatang seperti
London Zoo hewan-hewan ini "hampir pasti akan hilang selamanya". Dengan
catatan yang agak biasa-biasa saja kebun binatang dunia konservasi, orang mungkin akan
diampuni karena sedikit skeptis tentang seperti iklan.
Kebun Binatang awalnya diciptakan sebagai tempat hiburan, dan menyarankan mereka
terlibat dengan konservasi tidak serius muncul sampai sekitar 30 tahun
yang lalu, ketika Zoological Society of London mengadakan resmi pertama
pertemuan internasional pada subjek. Delapan tahun kemudian, serangkaian dunia
konferensi berlangsung, yang berjudul "The Penangkaran Endangered Species", dan
dari titik ini dan seterusnya konservasi menjadi komunitas kebun binatang
kata kunci. Komitmen ini sekarang telah clearh didefinisikan dalam Dunia ZPO
Conservation Strategy (WZGS, September 1993), yang meskipun merupakan
dokumen penting dan menyambut tampaknya didasarkan pada realistis
optimisme tentang sifat industri kebun binatang
The WZCS memperkirakan bahwa ada sekitar 10.000 kebun binatang di dunia, yang
sekitar 1.000 merupakan inti dari koleksi berkualitas yang mampu berpartisipasi
dalam program konservasi terkoordinasi. Ini mungkin adalah dokumen
gagal pertama, karena saya percaya bahwa 10.000 adalah meremehkan serius dari total
jumlah tempat yang menyamar sebagai lembaga zoologi. Tentu saja
sulit untuk mendapatkan data yang akurat, tetapi, untuk menempatkan masalah ke dalam perspektif, saya telah
menemukan bahwa, dalam satu tahun bekerja di Eropa Timur, saya menemukan kebun binatang segar
hampir setiap minggu.
Kelemahan kedua dalam penalaran dari Dokumen WZCS adalah iman naif itu
menempatkan 1.000 yang kebun binatang inti. Orang akan berasumsi bahwa kaliber ini
lembaga akan diperiksa dengan hati-hati, tapi tampaknya bahwa kriteria
untuk dimasukkan dalam daftar pilih ini mungkin hanya bahwa kebun binatang adalah anggota dari
federasi atau asosiasi kebun binatang. Ini mungkin menjadi titik awal yang baik, bekerja pada
premis bahwa anggota harus memenuhi standar tertentu, tapi sekali lagi fakta-fakta tidak
mendukung teori. Amerika Asosiasi sangat dihormati dari Zoological
Parks dan Akuarium (AAZPA) telah memiliki anggota sangat meragukan, dan di
Inggris Federasi Zoological Gardens Britania Raya dan Irlandia telah kadang-kadang memiliki anggota yang telah bulat-bulat dikecam di media nasional.
Ini termasuk Robin Bukit Adventure Park di Isle of Wight, yang banyak
dianggap sebagai koleksi paling terkenal dari hewan di negara ini. Ini
pendirian, yang selama bertahun-tahun telah dilindungi oleh dewan lokal Isle (yang
dilihat sebagai kemudahan turis), akhirnya ditutup menyusul memberatkan
laporan inspektur hewan ditunjuk berdasarkan ketentuan Perizinan Zoo
Act 1981. Seperti itu selalu koleksi reputasi meragukan, salah satu wajib
merefleksikan standar yang Federasi Zoo set saat pemberian
keanggotaan. Situasi ini bahkan lebih buruk di negara-negara berkembang di mana sedikit
uang yang tersedia untuk pembangunan kembali dan sulit untuk melihat cara menggabungkan
koleksi ke dalam skema keseluruhan WZCS.
Bahkan dengan asumsi bahwa WZCS itu 1.000 kebun binatang inti semua standar yang tinggi
lengkap dengan staf ilmiah dan penelitian fasilitas, terlatih dan berdedikasi
penjaga, akomodasi yang memungkinkan perilaku normal atau alami, dan kebijakan
co-beroperasi penuh dengan satu sama lain apa yang mungkin menjadi potensi untuk
konservasi? Colin Tudge, penulis Binatang terakhir di Kebun Binatang (Oxford University
Press, 1992), berpendapat bahwa "jika dunia" s kebun binatang bekerja sama dalam koperasi
program pemuliaan, kemudian bahkan tanpa pengembangan lebih lanjut mereka bisa menghemat
sekitar 2.000 spesies lahan yang terancam punah vertebrata '. Hal ini tampaknya menjadi sangat
proposisi optimis dari seorang pria yang harus menyadari kegagalan dan
kelemahan industri kebun binatang pria yang, ketika anggota dewan dari
London Zoo, harus membujuk kebun binatang untuk mencurahkan lebih banyak kegiatan untuk
konservasi. Selain itu, di mana fakta-fakta untuk mendukung optimisme tersebut?
Hari ini sekitar 16 spesies bisa dikatakan telah "diselamatkan" oleh tawanan
program pemuliaan, meskipun sejumlah ini tidak dapat dipandang
sebagai keberhasilan gemilang. Selain itu, sekitar 20 spesies lanjut sedang
serius dipertimbangkan untuk program konservasi kebun binatang. Mengingat bahwa
konferensi internasional di London Zoo diadakan 30 tahun yang lalu, ini cukup
kemajuan lambat, dan jauh dari target Tudge tentang 2.000.
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