INTRODUCTIONWelcome. And congratulations. I am delighted that you coul terjemahan - INTRODUCTIONWelcome. And congratulations. I am delighted that you coul Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

INTRODUCTIONWelcome. And congratula

INTRODUCTION
Welcome. And congratulations. I am delighted that you could make it. Getting here wasn't easy, I know. In fact, I suspect it was a little tougher than you realize.
To begin with, for you to be here now trillions of drifting atoms had somehow to assemble in an intricate and intriguingly obliging manner to create you. It's an arrangement so specialized and particular that it has never been tried before and will only exist this once. For the next many years (we hope) these tiny particles will uncomplainingly engage in all the billions of deft, cooperative efforts necessary to keep you intact and let you experience the supremely agreeable but generally underappreciated state known as existence.
Why atoms take this trouble is a bit of a puzzle. Being you is not a gratifying experience at the atomic level. For all their devoted attention, your atoms don't actually care about you-indeed, don't even know that you are there. They don't even know that they are there. They are mindless particles, after all, and not even themselves alive. (It is a slightly arresting notion that if you were to pick yourself apart with tweezers, one atom at a time, you would produce a mound of fine atomic dust, none of which had ever been alive but all of which had once been you.) Yet somehow for the period of your existence they will answer to a single overarching impulse: to keep you you.
The bad news is that atoms are fickle and their time of devotion is fleeting-fleeting indeed. Even a long human life adds up to only about 650,000 hours. And when that modest milestone flashes past, or at some other point thereabouts, for reasons unknown your atoms will shut you down, silently disassemble, and go off to be other things. And that's it for you.
Still, you may rejoice that it happens at all. Generally speaking in the universe it doesn't, so far as we can tell. This is decidedly odd because the atoms that so liberally and congenially flock together to form living things on Earth are exactly the same atoms that decline to do it elsewhere. Whatever else it may be, at the level of chemistry life is curiously mundane: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, a little calcium, a dash of sulfur, a light dusting of other very ordinary elements-nothing you wouldn't find in any ordinary drugstore-and that's all you need. The only thing special about the atoms that make you is that they make you. That is of course the miracle of life.
Whether or not atoms make life in other corners of the universe, they make plenty else; indeed, they make everything else. Without them there would be no water or air or rocks, no stars and planets, no distant gassy clouds or swirling nebulae or any of the other things that make the universe so usefully material. Atoms are so numerous and necessary that we easily overlook that they needn't actually exist at all. There is no law that requires the universe to fill itself with small particles of matter or to produce light and gravity and the other physical properties on which our existence hinges. There needn't actually be a universe at all. For the longest time there wasn't. There were no atoms and no universe for them to float about in. There was nothing-nothing at all anywhere.
So thank goodness for atoms. But the fact that you have atoms and that they assemble in such a willing manner is only part of what got you here. To be here now, alive in the twenty-first century and smart enough to know it, you also had to be the beneficiary of an extraordinary string of biological good fortune. Survival on Earth is a surprisingly tricky business. Of the billions and billions of species of living thing that have existed since the dawn of time, most-99.99 percent-are no longer around. Life on Earth, you see, is not only
brief but dismayingly tenuous. It is a curious feature of our existence that we come from a planet that is very good at promoting life but even better at extinguishing it.
The average species on Earth lasts for only about four million years, so if you wish to be around for billions of years, you must be as fickle as the atoms that made you. You must be prepared to change everything about yourself-shape, size, color, species affiliation, everything-and to do so repeatedly. That's much easier said than done, because the process of change is random. To get from "protoplasmal primordial atomic globule" (as the Gilbert and Sullivan song put it) to sentient upright modern human has required you to mutate new traits over and over in a precisely timely manner for an exceedingly long while. So at various periods over the last 3.8 billion years you have abhorred oxygen and then doted on it, grown fins and limbs and jaunty sails, laid eggs, flicked the air with a forked tongue, been sleek, been furry, lived underground, lived in trees, been as big as a deer and as small as a mouse, and a million things more. The tiniest deviation from any of these evolutionary shifts, and you might now be licking algae from cave walls or lolling walrus-like on some stony shore or disgorging air through a blowhole in the top of your head before diving sixty feet for a mouthful of delicious sandworms.
Not only have you been lucky enough to be attached since time immemorial to a favored evolutionary line, but you have also been extremely-make that miraculously-fortunate in your personal ancestry. Consider the fact that for 3.8 billion years, a period of time older than the Earth's mountains and rivers and oceans, every one of your forebears on both sides has been attractive enough to find a mate, healthy enough to reproduce, and sufficiently blessed by fate and circumstances to live long enough to do so. Not one of your pertinent ancestors was squashed, devoured, drowned, starved, stranded, stuck fast, untimely wounded, or otherwise deflected from its life's quest of delivering a tiny charge of genetic material to the right partner at the right moment in order to perpetuate the only possible sequence of hereditary combinations that could result-eventually, astoundingly, and all too briefly-in you.
This is a book about how it happened-in particular how we went from there being nothing at all to there being something, and then how a little of that something turned into us, and also some of what happened in between and since. That's a great deal to cover, of course, which is why the book is called A Short History of Nearly Everything, even though it isn't really. It couldn't be. But with luck by the time we finish it will feel as if it is.
My own starting point, for what it's worth, was an illustrated science book that I had as a classroom text when I was in fourth or fifth grade. The book was a standard-issue 1950s schoolbookbattered, unloved, grimly hefty-but near the front it had an illustration that just captivated me: a cutaway diagram showing the Earth's interior as it would look if you cut into the planet with a large knife and carefully withdrew a wedge representing about a quarter of its bulk.
It's hard to believe that there was ever a time when I had not seen such an illustration before, but evidently I had not for I clearly remember being transfixed. I suspect, in honesty, my initial interest was based on a private image of streams of unsuspecting eastbound motorists in the American plains states plunging over the edge of a sudden 4,000-mile-high cliff running between Central America and the North Pole, but gradually my attention did turn in a more scholarly manner to the scientific import of the drawing and the realization that the Earth consisted of discrete layers, ending in the center with a glowing sphere of iron and nickel, which was as hot as the surface of the Sun, according to the caption, and I remember thinking with real wonder: "How do they know that?"
I didn't doubt the correctness of the information for an instant-I still tend to trust the pronouncements of scientists in the way I trust those of surgeons, plumbers, and other possessors of arcane and privileged information-but I couldn't for the life of me conceive how
any human mind could work out what spaces thousands of miles below us, that no eye had ever seen and no X ray could penetrate, could look like and be made of. To me that was just a miracle. That has been my position with science ever since.
Excited, I took the book home that night and opened it before dinner-an action that I expect prompted my mother to feel my forehead and ask if I was all right-and, starting with the first page, I read.
And here's the thing. It wasn't exciting at all. It wasn't actually altogether comprehensible. Above all, it didn't answer any of the questions that the illustration stirred up in a normal inquiring mind: How did we end up with a Sun in the middle of our planet? And if it is burning away down there, why isn't the ground under our feet hot to the touch? And why isn't the rest of the interior melting-or is it? And when the core at last burns itself out, will some of the Earth slump into the void, leaving a giant sinkhole on the surface? And how do you know this? How did you figure it out?
But the author was strangely silent on such details-indeed, silent on everything but anticlines, synclines, axial faults, and the like. It was as if he wanted to keep the good stuff secret by making all of it soberly unfathomable. As the years passed, I began to suspect that this was not altogether a private impulse. There seemed to be a mystifying universal conspiracy among textbook authors to make certain the material they dealt with never strayed too near the realm of the mildly interesting and was always at least a longdistance phone call from the frankly interesting.
I now know that there is a happy abundance of science writers who pen the most lucid and thrilling prose-Timothy Ferris, Richard Fortey, and Tim Flannery are three that jump out from a single station of the alphabet (and that's not even to mention the late but godlike Richard Feynman)-but sadly none of them wrote
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
PENDAHULUANSelamat datang. Dan selamat. Saya senang bahwa Anda bisa membuatnya. Mendapatkan sini tidak mudah, aku tahu. Bahkan, aku curiga itu sedikit lebih berat daripada Anda menyadari.Untuk mulai dengan, Anda berada di sini sekarang triliunan melayang atom harus entah bagaimana merakit dalam cara yang rumit dan menariknya mewajibkan untuk membuat Anda. Ini adalah pengaturan yang sangat khusus dan tertentu yang tidak pernah mencoba sebelumnya dan hanya akan ada ini sekali. Selama tahun banyak (kami berharap) partikel-partikel kecil ini akan uncomplainingly terlibat dalam semua miliaran cekatan, usaha-usaha koperasi yang diperlukan untuk membuat Anda tetap utuh dan membiarkan Anda mengalami yang amat menyenangkan tetapi umumnya kurang dihargai negara yang dikenal sebagai keberadaan.Mengapa atom mengambil masalah ini adalah sedikit teka-teki. Menjadi Anda bukanlah pengalaman yang memuaskan pada tingkat atom. Untuk semua perhatian ditujukan, atom Anda tidak benar-benar peduli tentang Anda-memang, bahkan tidak tahu bahwa Anda berada di sana. Mereka bahkan tidak tahu bahwa mereka berada di sana. Mereka adalah partikel mindless, setelah semua, dan bahkan tidak sendiri hidup. (Itu adalah sedikit menangkap gagasan bahwa jika Anda memilih sendiri terpisah dengan pinset, satu atom pada satu waktu, Anda akan menghasilkan gundukan debu atom yang halus, tidak ada yang pernah hidup, tetapi semua yang dulu pernah Anda.) Namun entah bagaimana untuk periode keberadaan Anda mereka akan menjawab untuk suatu dorongan menyeluruh tunggal: untuk membuat Anda tetap Anda.Kabar buruknya adalah bahwa atom berubah-ubah dan waktu mereka pengabdian sekilas-sekilas memang. Bahkan kehidupan lama manusia menambahkan hingga hanya sekitar 650.000 jam. Dan bila tonggak sederhana yang berkedip masa lalu, atau di beberapa lain titik sekitar, untuk alasan yang tidak diketahui atom Anda akan menutup Anda, diam-diam membongkar, dan pergi untuk hal-hal lain. Dan itu adalah untuk Anda.Namun, Anda dapat bersukacita bahwa hal itu terjadi sama sekali. Umumnya di alam semesta tidak, sejauh kita bisa mengatakan. Hal ini jelas aneh karena atom yang begitu bebas dan congenially berkumpul bersama untuk membentuk makhluk hidup di bumi adalah persis sama atom yang menolak untuk melakukannya di tempat lain. Apa pun yang mungkin, di tingkat kimia kehidupan biasa anehnya: karbon, hidrogen, oksigen dan nitrogen, sedikit kalsium, sejumput belerang, ringan debu lain Anda tidak akan menemukan di setiap toko obat yang biasa tidak ada-elemen yang sangat biasa- dan itu adalah semua yang Anda butuhkan. Satu-satunya hal yang khusus tentang atom yang membuat Anda adalah bahwa mereka membuat Anda. Tentu saja itu adalah keajaiban kehidupan.Apakah Atom membuat hidup dalam alam semesta, mereka membuat banyak yang lain; Memang, mereka membuat segala sesuatu yang lain. Tanpa mereka akan ada ada air atau udara atau batu, tidak ada bintang dan planet-planet, awan mengandung gas tidak jauh atau berputar-putar Nebula atau hal-hal lain yang membuat alam semesta begitu berguna bahan. Atom begitu banyak dan diperlukan bahwa kita dengan mudah mengabaikan bahwa mereka benar-benar tidak perlu ada sama sekali. Ada tidak ada hukum yang mengharuskan alam semesta untuk mengisi sendiri dengan partikel kecil dari masalah atau untuk menghasilkan cahaya dan gravitasi dan sifat fisik lainnya di mana keberadaan kita bergantung. Tidak perlu benar-benar ada alam semesta yang sama sekali. Untuk waktu yang lama tidak ada. Ada tidak ada atom dan alam semesta ada untuk mereka mengambang di. Ada tidak ada-tidak ada sama sekali di mana saja.Jadi Terima kebaikan untuk atom. Tapi fakta bahwa Anda memiliki atom dan bahwa mereka berkumpul sedemikian rupa bersedia hanya sebagian dari apa yang membuat Anda di sini. Untuk menjadi di sini sekarang, hidup pada abad kedua puluh dan cukup pintar untuk tahu itu, Anda juga harus penerima manfaat luar biasa serangkaian nasib baik biologis. Kelangsungan hidup di bumi adalah bisnis yang sangat rumit. Dari Milyaran dan miliaran jenis makhluk yang telah ada sejak lama, tidak sekitar sebagian-99.99 persen-adalah. Kehidupan di bumi, Anda lihat, adalah tidak hanyasingkat tapi dismayingly lemah. Ini adalah fitur penasaran keberadaan kita yang kita datang dari sebuah planet yang sangat baik untuk mempromosikan hidup tetapi bahkan lebih memadamkan itu.Spesies yang rata-rata di bumi berlangsung hanya sekitar empat juta tahun, jadi jika Anda ingin menjadi sekitar bagi miliaran tahun, Anda harus sebagai berubah-ubah sebagai atom yang membuat Anda. Anda harus siap untuk mengubah segala sesuatu tentang diri-bentuk, ukuran, warna, afiliasi spesies, segala sesuatu- dan untuk melakukannya berulang-ulang. Itu adalah jauh lebih mudah dikatakan daripada dilakukan, karena proses perubahan acak. Untuk mendapatkan dari "protoplasmal globule atom primordial" (sebagai lagu Gilbert dan Sullivan meletakkannya) ke mahluk tegak modern manusia telah dibutuhkan Anda untuk bermutasi ciri-ciri baru berulang pada tepat waktu yang tepat untuk sangat panjang sementara. Jadi pada berbagai periode 3,8 miliar tahun terakhir Anda memiliki dibenci oksigen dan kemudian Madeleine itu, tumbuh sirip dan tungkai dan layar riang, meletakkan telur, menjentikkan udara dengan lidah bercabang, telah ramping, telah berbulu, tinggal di bawah tanah, tinggal di pohon, sebagai besar sebagai rusa dan kecil seperti mouse, dan sejuta hal lain. Penyimpangan terkecil dari salah satu pergeseran evolusi ini, dan Anda mungkin sekarang menjadi menjilati ganggang dari dinding gua atau lolling walrus-seperti di beberapa pantai berbatu atau disgorging udara melalui blowhole di atas kepala Anda sebelum menyelam enam puluh kaki untuk seteguk sandworms lezat.Tidak hanya Anda telah cukup beruntung untuk menjadi melekat sejak zaman dahulu garis evolusi yang disukai, tetapi Anda juga telah sangat-membuat yang ajaib-beruntung dalam keturunan pribadi Anda. Mempertimbangkan fakta bahwa selama 3,8 miliar tahun, jangka waktu yang lebih tua daripada bumi pegunungan dan sungai dan lautan, setiap salah satu leluhur Anda pada kedua belah pihak telah cukup menarik untuk find a mate, cukup sehat untuk mereproduksi, dan cukup diberkati dengan nasib dan keadaan hidup cukup lama untuk melakukannya. Bukan salah satu nenek moyang Anda relevan adalah terjepit, dimakan, tenggelam, kelaparan, terdampar, terjebak cepat, terlalu terluka atau sebaliknya dibelokkan dari quest kehidupan yang memberikan biaya kecil sebesar genetik materi mitra yang tepat pada saat yang tepat untuk mengabadikan urutan hanya mungkin kombinasi turun-temurun yang dapat hasil-akhirnya, mengejutkan, dan semua terlalu singkat-in Anda.Ini adalah sebuah buku tentang bagaimana hal itu terjadi-khususnya bagaimana kita pergi dari sana menjadi apa-apa yang harus ada sesuatu, dan kemudian bagaimana sedikit bahwa sesuatu yang berubah menjadi kita, dan juga beberapa dari apa yang terjadi di antara dan sejak. Itu adalah kesepakatan besar untuk menutupi, tentu saja, itulah sebabnya mengapa buku ini disebut A singkat sejarah hampir semuanya, meskipun itu tidak benar-benar. Tidak bisa. Tapi dengan keberuntungan pada saat kami selesai itu akan merasa seolah-olah itu.Titik awal saya sendiri, untuk apa it's worth, adalah buku bergambar ilmu yang saya miliki sebagai kelas teks ketika saya masih di kelas empat atau lima. Buku ini schoolbookbattered masalah standar tahun 1950-an, tidak disayangi, muram lumayan tapi dekat bagian depan itu ilustrasi yang hanya memikat saya: sebuah diagram cutaway yang menampilkan bumi 's interior seperti itu akan terlihat jika Anda memotong ke planet dengan pisau besar dan hati-hati mundur baji mewakili sekitar seperempat dari massal.Sulit untuk percaya bahwa ada pernah suatu waktu ketika aku tidak melihat ilustrasi demikian sebelum, tapi jelas aku bukan karena aku jelas ingat sedang terpaku. Saya menduga, dalam kejujuran, minat saya awal berdasarkan gambar pribadi aliran tidak curiga Timur pengendara di daratan Amerika Serikat terjun ke tepi tebing 4.000-mil-tinggi tiba-tiba berjalan antara Amerika Tengah dan Kutub Utara, tetapi secara bertahap perhatian saya berbalik dalam cara yang lebih ilmiah untuk impor ilmiah gambar dan realisasi bahwa bumi terdiri dari lapisan diskrit, berakhir di pusat dengan bola bercahaya besi dan nikel, iaitu panas seperti permukaan matahari, sesuai judul, dan aku ingat berpikir dengan heran nyata: "Bagaimana mereka tahu itu?"Saya tidak meragukan kebenaran informasi untuk sekejap-aku masih cenderung mempercayai ucapan-ucapan para ilmuwan dalam cara saya percaya orang-orang ahli bedah, tukang dan pemilik lain informasi misterius dan istimewa- tapi aku tidak bisa untuk kehidupan saya memahami bagaimanaapapun pikiran manusia bisa bekerja keluar apa ruang ribuan mil di bawah kami, bahwa mata tidak pernah dan tidak ada X ray bisa menembus, bisa terlihat seperti dan terbuat dari. Bagi saya itu hanya sebuah keajaiban. Yang telah posisi saya dengan ilmu sejak.Gembira, aku mengambil buku pulang malam itu dan membukanya sebelum makan malam-sebuah aksi yang saya harapkan diminta ibu saya merasa dahi saya dan bertanya jika saya adalah baik- dan, mulai dengan halaman pertama, membaca.Dan di sini adalah hal. Itu tidak menarik sama sekali. Itu tidak benar-benar sama sekali dipahami. Di atas semua, itu tidak menjawab salah satu pertanyaan yang ilustrasi mengaduk dalam pikiran inquiring normal: bagaimana kita berakhir dengan matahari di tengah-tengah planet kita? Dan jika itu adalah membakar di sana, mengapa tidak tanah di bawah kaki kita panas untuk menyentuh? Dan mengapa tidak sisa pencairan interior- atau itu? Dan ketika inti terakhir luka bakar itu sendiri keluar, akan beberapa kemerosotan bumi ke dalam kehampaan, meninggalkan sebuah lubang raksasa di permukaan? Dan bagaimana Anda tahu ini? Bagaimana menurut Anda mengetahuinya?Tetapi penulis anehnya diam seperti details-indeed, senyap tentang segala sesuatu tetapi anticlines, synclines, kesalahan aksial, dan sejenisnya. Itu seolah-olah ia ingin menjaga rahasia bagus dengan membuat semua itu muram tak terduga. Seperti tahun-tahun berlalu, aku mulai curiga bahwa ini bukanlah sama sekali suatu dorongan pribadi. Tampaknya ada konspirasi universal menakjubkan antara penulis buku teks untuk memastikan bahan mereka berurusan dengan tidak pernah menyimpang terlalu dekat wilayah yang agak menarik dan selalu setidaknya sambungan telepon dari yang terus terang menarik.Sekarang aku tahu bahwa ada berlimpah penulis sains yang pena yang paling jelas dan mendebarkan prosa-Timothy Ferris, Richard Fortey, bahagia dan Tim Flannery tiga yang melompat keluar dari Stasiun alfabet (dan itu tidak bahkan menyebutkan akhir tetapi ilahi Richard Feynman)- tapi sayangnya tak satu pun dari mereka menulis
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
INTRODUCTION
Welcome. And congratulations. I am delighted that you could make it. Getting here wasn't easy, I know. In fact, I suspect it was a little tougher than you realize.
To begin with, for you to be here now trillions of drifting atoms had somehow to assemble in an intricate and intriguingly obliging manner to create you. It's an arrangement so specialized and particular that it has never been tried before and will only exist this once. For the next many years (we hope) these tiny particles will uncomplainingly engage in all the billions of deft, cooperative efforts necessary to keep you intact and let you experience the supremely agreeable but generally underappreciated state known as existence.
Why atoms take this trouble is a bit of a puzzle. Being you is not a gratifying experience at the atomic level. For all their devoted attention, your atoms don't actually care about you-indeed, don't even know that you are there. They don't even know that they are there. They are mindless particles, after all, and not even themselves alive. (It is a slightly arresting notion that if you were to pick yourself apart with tweezers, one atom at a time, you would produce a mound of fine atomic dust, none of which had ever been alive but all of which had once been you.) Yet somehow for the period of your existence they will answer to a single overarching impulse: to keep you you.
The bad news is that atoms are fickle and their time of devotion is fleeting-fleeting indeed. Even a long human life adds up to only about 650,000 hours. And when that modest milestone flashes past, or at some other point thereabouts, for reasons unknown your atoms will shut you down, silently disassemble, and go off to be other things. And that's it for you.
Still, you may rejoice that it happens at all. Generally speaking in the universe it doesn't, so far as we can tell. This is decidedly odd because the atoms that so liberally and congenially flock together to form living things on Earth are exactly the same atoms that decline to do it elsewhere. Whatever else it may be, at the level of chemistry life is curiously mundane: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, a little calcium, a dash of sulfur, a light dusting of other very ordinary elements-nothing you wouldn't find in any ordinary drugstore-and that's all you need. The only thing special about the atoms that make you is that they make you. That is of course the miracle of life.
Whether or not atoms make life in other corners of the universe, they make plenty else; indeed, they make everything else. Without them there would be no water or air or rocks, no stars and planets, no distant gassy clouds or swirling nebulae or any of the other things that make the universe so usefully material. Atoms are so numerous and necessary that we easily overlook that they needn't actually exist at all. There is no law that requires the universe to fill itself with small particles of matter or to produce light and gravity and the other physical properties on which our existence hinges. There needn't actually be a universe at all. For the longest time there wasn't. There were no atoms and no universe for them to float about in. There was nothing-nothing at all anywhere.
So thank goodness for atoms. But the fact that you have atoms and that they assemble in such a willing manner is only part of what got you here. To be here now, alive in the twenty-first century and smart enough to know it, you also had to be the beneficiary of an extraordinary string of biological good fortune. Survival on Earth is a surprisingly tricky business. Of the billions and billions of species of living thing that have existed since the dawn of time, most-99.99 percent-are no longer around. Life on Earth, you see, is not only
brief but dismayingly tenuous. It is a curious feature of our existence that we come from a planet that is very good at promoting life but even better at extinguishing it.
The average species on Earth lasts for only about four million years, so if you wish to be around for billions of years, you must be as fickle as the atoms that made you. You must be prepared to change everything about yourself-shape, size, color, species affiliation, everything-and to do so repeatedly. That's much easier said than done, because the process of change is random. To get from "protoplasmal primordial atomic globule" (as the Gilbert and Sullivan song put it) to sentient upright modern human has required you to mutate new traits over and over in a precisely timely manner for an exceedingly long while. So at various periods over the last 3.8 billion years you have abhorred oxygen and then doted on it, grown fins and limbs and jaunty sails, laid eggs, flicked the air with a forked tongue, been sleek, been furry, lived underground, lived in trees, been as big as a deer and as small as a mouse, and a million things more. The tiniest deviation from any of these evolutionary shifts, and you might now be licking algae from cave walls or lolling walrus-like on some stony shore or disgorging air through a blowhole in the top of your head before diving sixty feet for a mouthful of delicious sandworms.
Not only have you been lucky enough to be attached since time immemorial to a favored evolutionary line, but you have also been extremely-make that miraculously-fortunate in your personal ancestry. Consider the fact that for 3.8 billion years, a period of time older than the Earth's mountains and rivers and oceans, every one of your forebears on both sides has been attractive enough to find a mate, healthy enough to reproduce, and sufficiently blessed by fate and circumstances to live long enough to do so. Not one of your pertinent ancestors was squashed, devoured, drowned, starved, stranded, stuck fast, untimely wounded, or otherwise deflected from its life's quest of delivering a tiny charge of genetic material to the right partner at the right moment in order to perpetuate the only possible sequence of hereditary combinations that could result-eventually, astoundingly, and all too briefly-in you.
This is a book about how it happened-in particular how we went from there being nothing at all to there being something, and then how a little of that something turned into us, and also some of what happened in between and since. That's a great deal to cover, of course, which is why the book is called A Short History of Nearly Everything, even though it isn't really. It couldn't be. But with luck by the time we finish it will feel as if it is.
My own starting point, for what it's worth, was an illustrated science book that I had as a classroom text when I was in fourth or fifth grade. The book was a standard-issue 1950s schoolbookbattered, unloved, grimly hefty-but near the front it had an illustration that just captivated me: a cutaway diagram showing the Earth's interior as it would look if you cut into the planet with a large knife and carefully withdrew a wedge representing about a quarter of its bulk.
It's hard to believe that there was ever a time when I had not seen such an illustration before, but evidently I had not for I clearly remember being transfixed. I suspect, in honesty, my initial interest was based on a private image of streams of unsuspecting eastbound motorists in the American plains states plunging over the edge of a sudden 4,000-mile-high cliff running between Central America and the North Pole, but gradually my attention did turn in a more scholarly manner to the scientific import of the drawing and the realization that the Earth consisted of discrete layers, ending in the center with a glowing sphere of iron and nickel, which was as hot as the surface of the Sun, according to the caption, and I remember thinking with real wonder: "How do they know that?"
I didn't doubt the correctness of the information for an instant-I still tend to trust the pronouncements of scientists in the way I trust those of surgeons, plumbers, and other possessors of arcane and privileged information-but I couldn't for the life of me conceive how
any human mind could work out what spaces thousands of miles below us, that no eye had ever seen and no X ray could penetrate, could look like and be made of. To me that was just a miracle. That has been my position with science ever since.
Excited, I took the book home that night and opened it before dinner-an action that I expect prompted my mother to feel my forehead and ask if I was all right-and, starting with the first page, I read.
And here's the thing. It wasn't exciting at all. It wasn't actually altogether comprehensible. Above all, it didn't answer any of the questions that the illustration stirred up in a normal inquiring mind: How did we end up with a Sun in the middle of our planet? And if it is burning away down there, why isn't the ground under our feet hot to the touch? And why isn't the rest of the interior melting-or is it? And when the core at last burns itself out, will some of the Earth slump into the void, leaving a giant sinkhole on the surface? And how do you know this? How did you figure it out?
But the author was strangely silent on such details-indeed, silent on everything but anticlines, synclines, axial faults, and the like. It was as if he wanted to keep the good stuff secret by making all of it soberly unfathomable. As the years passed, I began to suspect that this was not altogether a private impulse. There seemed to be a mystifying universal conspiracy among textbook authors to make certain the material they dealt with never strayed too near the realm of the mildly interesting and was always at least a longdistance phone call from the frankly interesting.
I now know that there is a happy abundance of science writers who pen the most lucid and thrilling prose-Timothy Ferris, Richard Fortey, and Tim Flannery are three that jump out from a single station of the alphabet (and that's not even to mention the late but godlike Richard Feynman)-but sadly none of them wrote
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2025 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: