The counsellor also needs to be particularly sensitive towards theway  terjemahan - The counsellor also needs to be particularly sensitive towards theway  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The counsellor also needs to be par

The counsellor also needs to be particularly sensitive towards the
way in which sexuality and age can compound oppression. For older
lesbian clients,Young (1999) suggests that the primary purpose of
counselling is to support them in countering the effects of a lifetime
of oppression and the opportunity to define themselves. Ratigan
(1999) finds that older gay men are often uncomfortable with the
increased visibility of contemporary gay cultures after a lifetime of
living in a mental and physical male ghetto, and can be very isolated.
He considers sensitive assessment to be important with these clients
as therapeutic goals may need to be modest. HIV is another significant
issue is counselling gay men, few not being affected in some way
through personal experience, leading to preoccupation with death, or
through HIV ‘burn out’ and social stigma (Hanson and Maroney,
1999). Assessment of the significance of HIV in counselling gay men
need not necessarily be entirely problem-based; White (2000), for
example, asks ‘what are people’s positive experiences of HIV, what are
the knowledges and skills that people bring to these experiences, and
how might these knowledges and skills be elaborated?’
Summary
It will be clear from our discussion of the ‘isms’ above, that in the same
way that our clients cannot be truly autonomous individuals because
of their social connectedness, so they do not operate simply from a
broader network of social, political and economic factors.They also
operate within a wider context of cultural assumptions, formations
and practices. Not only is it necessary for understanding to recognise
and acknowledge differences in cultural frameworks between counsellors
and clients, it is also important to realise that the ideas that are
presented to us through our cultural frameworks are neither neutral
nor objective. As language both constructs and reflects reality, these
ideas represent the interests of dominant cultures:‘Domination is not
merely power over a particular group, it is also a relationship between
individuals in which recognition of legitimacy ensures the persistence
of power’ (Poupeau, 2000, p. 72).
Thus power and communication are closely entwined and, in a
communication encounter, clients do not start with a level playing
field. As counsellors have the power to influence clients in the
construction of identities, and identities are frequently constructed
in the counselling literature in terms of oppositions such as
straight/gay, normal/deviant (Woodward, 1997), it is important to
40 Assessment in Counselling
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The counsellor also needs to be particularly sensitive towards theway in which sexuality and age can compound oppression. For olderlesbian clients,Young (1999) suggests that the primary purpose ofcounselling is to support them in countering the effects of a lifetimeof oppression and the opportunity to define themselves. Ratigan(1999) finds that older gay men are often uncomfortable with theincreased visibility of contemporary gay cultures after a lifetime ofliving in a mental and physical male ghetto, and can be very isolated.He considers sensitive assessment to be important with these clientsas therapeutic goals may need to be modest. HIV is another significantissue is counselling gay men, few not being affected in some waythrough personal experience, leading to preoccupation with death, orthrough HIV ‘burn out’ and social stigma (Hanson and Maroney,1999). Assessment of the significance of HIV in counselling gay menneed not necessarily be entirely problem-based; White (2000), forexample, asks ‘what are people’s positive experiences of HIV, what arethe knowledges and skills that people bring to these experiences, andhow might these knowledges and skills be elaborated?’SummaryIt will be clear from our discussion of the ‘isms’ above, that in the sameway that our clients cannot be truly autonomous individuals becauseof their social connectedness, so they do not operate simply from abroader network of social, political and economic factors.They alsooperate within a wider context of cultural assumptions, formationsand practices. Not only is it necessary for understanding to recogniseand acknowledge differences in cultural frameworks between counsellorsand clients, it is also important to realise that the ideas that arepresented to us through our cultural frameworks are neither neutralnor objective. As language both constructs and reflects reality, theseideas represent the interests of dominant cultures:‘Domination is notmerely power over a particular group, it is also a relationship betweenindividuals in which recognition of legitimacy ensures the persistenceof power’ (Poupeau, 2000, p. 72).Thus power and communication are closely entwined and, in acommunication encounter, clients do not start with a level playingfield. As counsellors have the power to influence clients in theconstruction of identities, and identities are frequently constructedin the counselling literature in terms of oppositions such asstraight/gay, normal/deviant (Woodward, 1997), it is important to40 Assessment in Counselling
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Konselor juga harus sangat sensitif terhadap
cara di mana seksualitas dan usia dapat senyawa penindasan. Untuk lebih tua
klien, Young (1999) menyatakan bahwa tujuan utama
konseling adalah untuk mendukung mereka dalam melawan efek seumur hidup
penindasan dan kesempatan untuk mendefinisikan diri mereka sendiri. Ratigan
(1999) menemukan bahwa laki-laki gay yang lebih tua sering tidak nyaman dengan
peningkatan visibilitas budaya kontemporer setelah seumur hidup
tinggal di ghetto pria mental dan fisik, dan bisa sangat terisolasi.
Dia menganggap penilaian sensitif menjadi penting dengan klien ini
sebagai tujuan terapi mungkin perlu menjadi sederhana. HIV adalah signifikan lain
adalah masalah konseling laki-laki gay, beberapa tidak terpengaruh dalam beberapa cara
melalui pengalaman pribadi, menyebabkan keasyikan dengan kematian, atau
melalui HIV 'terbakar' dan stigma sosial (Hanson dan Maroney,
1999). Penilaian pentingnya HIV dalam konseling pria gay
perlu belum tentu sepenuhnya masalah berbasis; Putih (2000), untuk
misalnya, bertanya 'apa pengalaman positif masyarakat terhadap HIV, apa
yang pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang orang membawa ke pengalaman ini, dan
bagaimana mungkin pengetahuan dan keterampilan diuraikan? "
Ringkasan
Ini akan menjadi jelas dari diskusi kita dari 'isme' di atas, bahwa dalam sama
dengan cara yang klien kami tidak bisa menjadi individu yang benar-benar otonom karena
keterhubungan sosial mereka, sehingga mereka tidak beroperasi hanya dari
jaringan yang lebih luas dari factors.They sosial, politik dan ekonomi juga
beroperasi dalam lebih luas konteks asumsi budaya, formasi
dan praktek. Tidak hanya itu diperlukan untuk memahami untuk mengenali
dan mengakui perbedaan dalam kerangka budaya antara konselor
dan klien, juga penting untuk menyadari bahwa ide-ide yang
disajikan kepada kita melalui kerangka budaya kita tidak netral
atau objektif. Sebagai bahasa kedua konstruksi dan mencerminkan realitas, ini
ide mewakili kepentingan budaya yang dominan: 'Dominasi tidak
hanya berkuasa atas kelompok tertentu, juga hubungan antar
individu di mana pengakuan legitimasi memastikan kegigihan
kekuasaan '(Poupeau 2000 , p. 72).
Dengan demikian kekuasaan dan komunikasi yang erat terjalin dan, dalam
pertemuan komunikasi, klien tidak mulai dengan level playing
lapangan. Sebagai konselor memiliki kekuatan untuk mempengaruhi klien dalam
pembangunan identitas, dan identitas sering dibangun
dalam literatur konseling dalam hal oposisi seperti
straight / gay, normal / menyimpang (Woodward, 1997), adalah penting untuk
40 Penilaian dalam Konseling
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