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To gain further insight into these reactions, low temperature 13C NMR experiments were done. Compound 4 was ionized in FSO3HSbF5SO2ClF at 60 C, and the observed spectrum is consistent with the formation of the tricationic species 27(Table 2). For comparison, the DFT calculated spectrum of trication 27 is in reasonably good agreement with the results from solution (for complete assignments of 13C signals, see the supporting Information). It is notable that the para and ortho carbons are significantly deshielded. This is consistent with the charge delocalization driven by charge-charge repulsive effects.The dicationic ion 26 and the trityl cation (25)24 were also studied in solution by low temperature 13C NMR, with comparison to calculated spectra. Interestingly, the chemical shift at the methine carbon moves progressively downfield from the monocationic trityl cation (25), to the dication (26), and to the trication (27). This is an indication that charge delocalization becomes enhanced with increasing charge. The tetra- and penta cationic structures (36, 37) were also calculated, and the results show further deshielding of the para-position and shielding of the methine carbon. While the trityl cation has a calculated chemical shift of δ 144 at the para position of the phenyl ring, the pentacation 37 has a calculated chemical shift of δ 231 at the para position of the phenyl ring.
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