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Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in this studybelonged to the E-A, CAS, EAI and Beijing lineages. Epidemiologically,the most important type within the E-Alineage was SIT 149 (T3-ETH). This strain is isolated frequentlyin Ethiopia and among Ethiopian immigrants inDenmark (SpolDB4, http://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr/tb/bd_myco.html; Brudey et al. 2006). The CAS lineage is primarilyfound in East Africa (including this study area;SpolDB4; Groenheit et al. 2011), North India and Pakistan,reflecting intercontinental human migration (Gagneux et al.2006; Gagneux and Small 2007). Identification of strains ofthe EAI lineage among the pastoralists is interesting sincethis lineage has not yet been reported from the north andcentral Ethiopia. Its presence among the southern Ethiopianpastoralists may be explained by a closer contact with pastoralcommunities in Somalia and Kenya, where the EAIlineage has been described previously (SpolDB4; Brudeyet al. 2006), rather than contacts of people from the northernand the central highlands of Ethiopia (Gutacker et al. 2006).Further investigation is required to determine the epidemiologicalsignificance of the Beijing strain noted in this study.In Africa, isolates of the Beijing lineage are most common inSouthern Africa but occurs sporadically in East Africa as well(Groenheit et al. 2011). The M. bovis isolates from humanpulmonary TB patients matched with both the dominantspoligotype of the animal isolates in the area (SB0133) andwith SB0303, which has been isolated from cattle in centralEthiopia and in other countries of East Africa (Berg et al.2011), thus indicating cattle-to-human transmission. AllM. bovis isolates collected in this study had spacers 3–7missing, a spoligotype feature that serves as a marker forstrains belonging to the African 2 lineage of M. bovis that ishighly prevalent in East Africa (Berg et al. 2011). It is thereforelikely that the M. bovis isolates of this study belong to theAfrican 2 lineage but further typing is needed for final categorization.
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