Ruqaiya Sultan BegumRuqaiya Sultana

Ruqaiya Sultan Begum
Ruqaiya Sultana Begum (Persian: رقیه سلطان بیگم‎; also spelled as Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542 – 19 January 1626) was an Empress of the Mughal Empire. She was the first wife of Emperor Akbar.[2][3][4][5] She was also the longest serving Mughal empress having a tenure of over 49 years.[6]
She was born a Mughal princess (Shahzadi) and was the only daughter of Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, who was Akbar's youngest paternal uncle.[5] She was also the granddaughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor, as well as the niece of the second, Humayun.
She played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between her husband and her stepson, Jahangir, when the father-son relationship turned sour in the early 1600s, eventually helping Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7]
Family
Shahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum was born into the Timurid dynasty as a Mughal princess, and was the only daughter of Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, the youngest and favorite son of the first Mughal emperor Babur from his wife Dildar Begum. Ruqaiya's mother, Sultanam Begum, was the daughter of Muhammad Musa Khwaja and the younger sister of Mahdi Khwaja, who was the brother-in-law of Emperor Babur, being the husband of his sister, Khanzada Begum.[8] Ruqaiya's oldest paternal uncle was the emperor Humayun, who later became her father-in-law as well, while her most notable paternal aunt was Gulbadan Begum, the author of Humayun Nama ("Book of Humayun").
Being the granddaughter of Emperor Babur and a Timurid princess, Ruqaiya, as well as her first cousin, Akbar, were descendants of the lines of the highest Central Asian aristocracy: Timur or Tamerlane the Great through his son Miran Shah, and Genghis Khan through his son Chagatai Khan.
As it was customary for a Mughal princess, Ruqaiya was well educated and knew many languages such as Chagatai, Persian, Arabic and Urdu.[9]
Marriage

Hujra-I-Anup Talao or the Turkish Sultana House, a pleasure pavilion attached to a pond, was used by Empress Ruqaiya
At the age of nine, Ruqaiya married her first cousin, Akbar, in November of 1551 at Kabul, Afghanistan, shortly after his first appointment as a Viceroy in the province of Ghazni.[10] The marriage was arranged by Ruqaiya's uncle and Akbar's father, Humayun, and took place soon after the untimely death of Ruqaiya's father, Hindal Mirza, who died in a battle.[11] Humayun conferred on the young couple, all the wealth, army and adherents of his deceased younger brother, Hindal, and Ghazni, which was one of Hindal's jagir, was given to his nephew and son-in-law, Akbar.[11][12]
Ruqaiya became an Empress of the Mughal Empire at the age of fourteen years following her husband's accession to the throne in 1556.
Throughout her 53 years of marriage, Ruqaiya remained childless, but was given the primary responsibility for the upbringing of her grandson, prince Khurram (the future Emperor Shah Jahan).[13]
Just prior to Khurram’s birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to Ruqaiya Sultan Begum that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness. So, when Khurram was born in 1592 and was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from his mother and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his aging wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.[7] Khurram remained with her,[3] until he had turned 13. The young prince was then, finally, allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.[7] Ruqaiya oversaw Khurram's education as well for she, unlike her husband, was well educated.[14] Ruqaiya and Khurram, therefore, shared a close relationship much like the relationship that Akbar had shared with Khurram (the prince had been a favourite of his grandfather). Khurram's father and Ruqaiya's step-son, Jahangir, noted that Ruqaiya had loved Khurram "a thousand times more than if he had been her own son".[3]
Despite the fact that she did not bear him any children, she was always kept in high regard by her husband, as he held great respect and affection for her. Ruqaiya was thus, a senior and high ranked figure in the imperial harem, along with the other two chief Empresses, also and at court during her husband's reign as well as in his successor's (Jahangir) reign.[15] She took a precedence over other wives of Akbar in terms of birth. She was his only wife who was the most supreme in terms of birth, being herself a Timurid princess and thus, a member of the Timurid dynasty.
The Empress also took active part in court politics just like Salima Sultan begum and Mariam-uz-Zamani. In the early 1600s, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum and Maryam Makani, along with other ladies of the harem, played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between Akbar and Jahangir, (when their relationship had turned sour), eventually helping to pave the way for Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7][16] During Jahangir's reign, Ruqaiya and Salima Sultan Begum again played a crucial role in successfully securing pardon for the powerful, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, who had been sentenced to death by Jahangir. Apart from her own palace at Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya owned palaces outside the fort in Agra, near the Jamuna river, a privilege given to Mughal princesses only and sometimes to empresses who were kept in high esteem.[17][18]
In 1607, Ruqaiya, for the first time, visited the mausoleum of her father Hindal Mirza as the royal harem and Jahangir were on a hunting trip to Kabul.[19] Sher Afghan Quli Khan, the jagirdar of Burdwan died and his widowed wife, Mehrunnissa (later Empress Nur Jahan) was summoned to Agra by Jahangir to act as lady-in-waiting to the Empress Ruqaiya.[10] Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afghan before his death, his family was in great danger and therefore for her own protection, Mihrunnissa needed to be at the court in Agra.
Nur Jehan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, served as ladies-in-waiting to the Empress for four years while earnestly endeavoring to please their imperial mistress.[20] The relationship that grew up between Ruqaiya and Mihrunnissa appears to have been an extremely tender one which remained so until Ruqaiya's death in 1626. The Dutch merchant, Pieter van den Broecke said: "This Begum [Ruqaiya] conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."[21]
Death

Gardens of Babur at Kabul, Afghanistan
Ruqaiya died in 1626, at the age of 84 having outlived her husband by 20 years. She was buried on the fifteenth level in the Gardens of Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) in Kabul, which is also the resting place of her grandfather, Emperor Babur and her father, Hindal Mirza. Her tomb was built by her step-grandson, Emperor Shah Jahan.[22]
While recording her death in his autobiography, Jahangir fondly speaks of Ruqaiya, as she brought up his son, and makes note of her exalted status as Akbar's first wife.[23]

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Ruqaiya Sultan BegumRuqaiya Sultana Begum (Persia: رقیه سلطان بیگم; juga dieja sebagai Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542-19 Januari 1626) merupakan Maharani Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri pertama dari Kaisar Akbar.[2][3][4][5] Dia juga adalah yang terpanjang melayani Mughal Permaisuri memiliki jabatan lebih dari 49 tahun.[6]Ia dilahirkan seorang puteri Mughal (Shahzadi) dan satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, yang termuda Akbar di paman dari pihak ayah.[5] Dia juga adalah cucu Kaisar Babur, pendiri kekaisaran Mughal dan kaisar Mughal pertama, juga keponakan yang kedua, Humayun.Ia memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara suami dan anak tiri nya, Jahangir, ketika ayah-anak hubungan kembali asam di awal tahun 1600-an, akhirnya membantu Jahangir's aksesi ke atas tahta.[7]KeluargaShahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum dilahirkan dalam Dinasti Timuriyah sebagai putri Mughal, dan adalah satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, anak termuda dan favorit dari kaisar Mughal pertama Babur dari istrinya, Dildar Begum. Ruqaiya's ibu, Sultanam Begum, adalah putri dari Muhammad Musa Khwaja dan adik dari Mahdi Khwaja, yang adalah adik ipar Kaisar Babur, sebagai suami saudara perempuannya, Khanzada Begum.[8] Ruqaiya tertua paman dari pihak ayah adalah Kaisar Humayun, yang kemudian menjadi mertuanya juga, ketika bibinya dari pihak ayah terkenal Gulbadan Begum, penulis Humayun Nama ("buku Humayun").Menjadi cucu Kaisar Babur dan seorang putri Timuriyah, Ruqaiya, serta dengan sepupu pertamanya, Akbar, merupakan keturunan garis aristokrasi Asia Tengah Tertinggi: Timur atau Tamerlane yang besar melalui anaknya Miran Shah, dan Genghis Khan melalui anaknya Chagatai Khan.Seperti itu adat untuk putri Mughal, Ruqaiya berpendidikan dan tahu banyak bahasa seperti Chagatai, Persia, Arab, dan Urdu.[9]Pernikahan Talao Hujra-saya-dariawal atau rumah Sultana Turki, sebuah paviliun kesenangan yang melekat pada kolam, digunakan oleh Permaisuri RuqaiyaPada usia sembilan, Ruqaiya dinikahkan dengan sepupu pertamanya, Akbar, pada November tahun 1551 di Kabul, Afghanistan, tak lama setelah penunjukannya pertama sebagai Viceroy di Provinsi Ghazni.[10] Pernikahan diatur oleh Ruqaiya's paman dan ayah Akbar's, Humayun, dan terjadi segera setelah kematian mendadak dari Ruqaiya's ayah, Hindal Mirza, yang tewas dalam pertempuran.[11] Humayun diberikan Pasangan muda, semua kekayaan, tentara dan pengikutnya adik almarhum, Hindal, dan Ghazni, yang adalah salah satu Hindal's jagir, diberikan kepada keponakan dan menantu, Akbar.[11][12]Ruqaiya menjadi Permaisuri Kesultanan Mughal pada usia empat belas tahun, mengikuti suaminya aksesi ke atas tahta pada tahun 1556.Seluruh nya 53 tahun perkawinan, Ruqaiya tetap anak, tetapi diberikan tanggung jawab utama untuk pengasuhan anak cucunya, Pangeran Khurram (yang kelak menjadi Kaisar Shah Jahan).[13]Sebelum kelahiran Khurram's, peramal telah dilaporkan meramalkan untuk Ruqaiya Sultan Begum masih bayi ditakdirkan untuk kebesaran Kekaisaran. Jadi, ketika Khurram dilahirkan pada tahun 1592 dan hanya enam hari tua, Akbar memerintahkan bahwa Pangeran akan diambil dari ibunya dan menyerahkan dia Ruqaiya sehingga ia bisa tumbuh di bawah perawatan nya dan Akbar bisa memenuhi keinginan istrinya penuaan, meningkatkan kaisar Mughal.[7] Khurram tetap dengan dia, [3] sampai ia telah berbalik 13. Pangeran muda kemudian, akhirnya, diperbolehkan untuk kembali ke rumah ayahnya, dan dengan demikian, lebih dekat dengan ibu kandungnya.[7] Ruqaiya mengawasi Khurram di pendidikan juga karena dia, tidak seperti suaminya, berpendidikan.[14] Ruqaiya dan Khurram, oleh karena itu, berbagi hubungan seperti hubungan Akbar telah berbagi dengan Khurram (Pangeran telah menjadi favorit kakeknya). Khurram's ayah dan Ruqaiya di langkah-anak, Jahangir, mencatat bahwa Ruqaiya telah mengasihi Khurram "seribu kali lebih daripada jika ia telah anaknya sendiri".[3]Despite the fact that she did not bear him any children, she was always kept in high regard by her husband, as he held great respect and affection for her. Ruqaiya was thus, a senior and high ranked figure in the imperial harem, along with the other two chief Empresses, also and at court during her husband's reign as well as in his successor's (Jahangir) reign.[15] She took a precedence over other wives of Akbar in terms of birth. She was his only wife who was the most supreme in terms of birth, being herself a Timurid princess and thus, a member of the Timurid dynasty.The Empress also took active part in court politics just like Salima Sultan begum and Mariam-uz-Zamani. In the early 1600s, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum and Maryam Makani, along with other ladies of the harem, played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between Akbar and Jahangir, (when their relationship had turned sour), eventually helping to pave the way for Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7][16] During Jahangir's reign, Ruqaiya and Salima Sultan Begum again played a crucial role in successfully securing pardon for the powerful, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, who had been sentenced to death by Jahangir. Apart from her own palace at Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya owned palaces outside the fort in Agra, near the Jamuna river, a privilege given to Mughal princesses only and sometimes to empresses who were kept in high esteem.[17][18]In 1607, Ruqaiya, for the first time, visited the mausoleum of her father Hindal Mirza as the royal harem and Jahangir were on a hunting trip to Kabul.[19] Sher Afghan Quli Khan, the jagirdar of Burdwan died and his widowed wife, Mehrunnissa (later Empress Nur Jahan) was summoned to Agra by Jahangir to act as lady-in-waiting to the Empress Ruqaiya.[10] Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afghan before his death, his family was in great danger and therefore for her own protection, Mihrunnissa needed to be at the court in Agra.Nur Jehan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, served as ladies-in-waiting to the Empress for four years while earnestly endeavoring to please their imperial mistress.[20] The relationship that grew up between Ruqaiya and Mihrunnissa appears to have been an extremely tender one which remained so until Ruqaiya's death in 1626. The Dutch merchant, Pieter van den Broecke said: "This Begum [Ruqaiya] conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."[21]Death Gardens of Babur at Kabul, AfghanistanRuqaiya died in 1626, at the age of 84 having outlived her husband by 20 years. She was buried on the fifteenth level in the Gardens of Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) in Kabul, which is also the resting place of her grandfather, Emperor Babur and her father, Hindal Mirza. Her tomb was built by her step-grandson, Emperor Shah Jahan.[22]While recording her death in his autobiography, Jahangir fondly speaks of Ruqaiya, as she brought up his son, and makes note of her exalted status as Akbar's first wife.[23]

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Ruqaiya Sultan Begum
Ruqaiya Sultana Begum (Persia: رقیه سلطان بیگم, juga dieja sebagai Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542 - 19 Januari 1626) adalah seorang Ratu Kekaisaran Mughal. Dia adalah istri pertama Kaisar Akbar. [2] [3] [4] [5] Dia juga Mughal permaisuri terlama memiliki masa jabatan lebih dari 49 tahun. [6]
Ia dilahirkan seorang putri Mughal (Shahzadi) dan adalah satu-satunya putri Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, yang termuda paman Akbar. [5] Dia juga cucu dari Kaisar Babur, pendiri Kekaisaran Mughal dan kaisar Mughal pertama, serta keponakan dari kedua, Humayun.
Dia memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara suami dan anak tirinya, Jahangir, ketika hubungan ayah-anak berubah asam di awal 1600-an, akhirnya membantu aksesi Jahangir takhta. [7]
Keluarga
Shahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum adalah lahir dalam dinasti Timurid sebagai putri Mughal, dan satu-satunya putri Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, putra bungsu dan favorit pertama Kaisar Mughal Babur dari istrinya Dildar Begum. Ibu Ruqaiya itu, Sultanam Begum, adalah putri dari Muhammad Musa Khwaja dan adik Mahdi Khwaja, yang adalah saudara ipar dari Kaisar Babur, menjadi suami dari saudara perempuannya, Khanzada Begum [8] tertua paman. Ruqaiya itu adalah kaisar Humayun, yang kemudian menjadi ayah mertuanya juga, sementara dia yang paling menonjol bibi dari pihak ayah adalah Gulbadan Begum, penulis Humayun Nama ("Kitab Humayun").
Menjadi cucu dari Kaisar Babur dan seorang putri Timurid , Ruqaiya, serta sepupu pertamanya, Akbar, adalah keturunan dari garis dari Central Asia aristokrasi tertinggi:. Timur atau Tamerlane Agung melalui anaknya Miran Shah, dan Genghis Khan melalui anaknya Chagatai Khan
Seperti itu adat untuk putri Mughal, Ruqaiya adalah berpendidikan dan tahu banyak bahasa seperti Chagatai, Persia, Arab dan Urdu [9].
Pernikahan Hujra-I-Anup Talao atau Turki Sultana House, sebuah paviliun kesenangan melekat pada kolam, digunakan oleh Ratu Ruqaiya Pada usia sembilan, Ruqaiya menikahi sepupunya pertama, Akbar, pada bulan November 1551 di Kabul, Afghanistan, tak lama setelah pertemuan pertama sebagai Viceroy di provinsi Ghazni. [10] Pernikahan ini diatur oleh paman Ruqaiya dan ayah Akbar , Humayun, dan terjadi segera setelah kematian mendadak ayahnya Ruqaiya itu, Hindal Mirza, yang meninggal dalam pertempuran. [11] Humayun diberikan pada pasangan muda, segala kekayaan, militer dan penganut adik almarhum, Hindal, dan Ghazni, yang merupakan salah satu jagir Hindal itu, diberikan kepada keponakannya dan anak-in-hukum, Akbar. [11] [12] Ruqaiya menjadi Ratu dari Kekaisaran Mughal pada usia empat belas tahun setelah aksesi suaminya tahta pada tahun 1556. Selama 53 tahun dia menikah, Ruqaiya tetap punya anak, tapi diberi tanggung jawab utama untuk membesarkan cucunya, Pangeran Khurram (masa depan Kaisar Shah Jahan). [13] Sesaat sebelum kelahiran Khurram, peramal telah dilaporkan diprediksi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum bahwa anak masih belum lahir ditakdirkan untuk kebesaran kekaisaran. Jadi, ketika Khurram lahir pada tahun 1592 dan baru berumur enam hari, Akbar memerintahkan bahwa pangeran akan diambil dari ibunya dan menyerahkannya kepada Ruqaiya sehingga ia bisa tumbuh di bawah asuhannya dan Akbar bisa memenuhi keinginan istrinya penuaan itu, untuk meningkatkan kaisar Mughal [7] Khurram tetap bersamanya., [3] sampai ia berubah 13. pangeran muda kemudian, akhirnya, diizinkan untuk kembali ke rumah ayahnya, dan dengan demikian, lebih dekat dengan ibu kandungnya. [ 7] Ruqaiya mengawasi pendidikan Khurram juga untuk dia, tidak seperti suaminya, adalah berpendidikan. [14] Ruqaiya dan Khurram, oleh karena itu, berbagi hubungan dekat seperti hubungan yang Akbar telah berbagi dengan Khurram (sang pangeran telah menjadi favorit kakeknya). Ayah Khurram dan Ruqaiya itu langkah-son, Jahangir, mencatat bahwa Ruqaiya mencintai Khurram "seribu kali lebih daripada jika ia telah anaknya sendiri". [3] Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa dia tidak menanggung dia anak, dia selalu disimpan dalam hal tinggi oleh suaminya, karena ia memegang hormat dan kasih sayang untuknya. Ruqaiya demikian, sebuah peringkat tokoh senior dan tinggi harem kesultanan, bersama dengan dua Permaisuri kepala lainnya, juga dan di istana selama masa pemerintahan suaminya serta (Jahangir) pemerintahan penggantinya itu. [15] Dia mengambil didahulukan di atas istri lain Akbar dalam hal kelahiran. Dia hanya istrinya yang paling tertinggi dalam hal kelahiran, menjadi dirinya sendiri seorang putri Timurid dan dengan demikian, anggota dinasti Timurid. The Empress juga mengambil bagian aktif dalam politik pengadilan seperti Salima Sultan begum dan Mariam-uz-Zamani . Pada awal 1600-an, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum dan Maryam Makani, bersama dengan wanita lain harem, memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara Akbar dan Jahangir, (ketika hubungan mereka telah berubah asam), akhirnya membantu untuk membuka jalan untuk aksesi Jahangir tahta [7] [16] Selama pemerintahan Jahangir, Ruqaiya dan Salima Sultan Begum lagi memainkan peran penting dalam sukses mengamankan pengampunan untuk. kuat, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, yang telah dijatuhi hukuman mati oleh Jahangir. Selain dari istana sendiri di Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya dimiliki istana di luar benteng di Agra, dekat sungai Jamuna, hak istimewa diberikan kepada Mughal putri saja dan kadang-kadang untuk Permaisuri yang disimpan di harga tinggi. [17] [18] Pada tahun 1607, Ruqaiya, untuk pertama kalinya, mengunjungi makam ayahnya Hindal Mirza sebagai harem kerajaan dan Jahangir sedang dalam perjalanan berburu ke Kabul. [19] Sher Afghanistan Quli Khan, jagirdar dari Burdwan meninggal dan istrinya janda, Mehrunnissa (kemudian Ratu Nur Jahan) dipanggil ke Agra oleh Jahangir untuk bertindak sebagai wanita-in-menunggu untuk Ratu Ruqaiya. [10] Mengingat koneksi politik genting Sher Afghanistan sebelum kematiannya, keluarganya berada dalam bahaya besar dan karena itu untuk perlindungan sendiri , Mihrunnissa perlu di pengadilan di Agra. Nur Jehan dan putrinya, Ladli Begum, menjabat sebagai wanita-in-menunggu untuk Ratu selama empat tahun sementara dengan sungguh-sungguh berusaha untuk menyenangkan nyonya kekaisaran mereka. [20] Hubungan yang dibesarkan antara Ruqaiya dan Mihrunnissa tampaknya telah salah satu yang sangat lembut yang tetap demikian sampai kematian Ruqaiya pada 1626. Pedagang Belanda, Pieter van den Broecke mengatakan: "Begum ini [Ruqaiya] dikandung kasih sayang yang besar untuk Mehr-un-Nissa; dia mencintainya lebih dari yang lain dan selalu terus dia di perusahaannya. "[21] Kematian Gardens of Babur di Kabul, Afghanistan Ruqaiya meninggal pada 1626, pada usia 84 setelah hidup lebih lama suaminya 20 tahun. Dia dimakamkan pada hari kelima belas tingkat di surga Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) di Kabul, yang juga merupakan tempat peristirahatan kakeknya, Kaisar Babur dan ayahnya, Hindal Mirza. makamnya dibangun oleh dia langkah-cucu, Kaisar Shah Jahan. [ 22] Saat merekam kematiannya dalam otobiografinya, Jahangir sayang berbicara tentang Ruqaiya, saat ia dibesarkan anaknya, dan membuat catatan status terhormat sebagai istri pertama Akbar. [23]