Our major findings include the following: (1) the bid–ask spreads shif terjemahan - Our major findings include the following: (1) the bid–ask spreads shif Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Our major findings include the foll

Our major findings include the following: (1) the bid–ask spreads shift positively with the exchange rate volatility and negatively with trading activity; (2) a U-shaped pattern of spreads exists in the Tokyo trading hours and an inverted U-shaped pattern of spreads exists in the London trading hours; (3) unexpected news arrivals positively affect the bid–ask spreads for all noninstitutional ordinary trading hours and also at the time of the New York market open, lunch and close; (4) an inverted U-shaped pattern exists in the volatility of spreads which may be caused by the unexpected news arrivals. The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Section II introduces the special features of EBS data. Section III presents our specifications of the P-GARCH model. Section IV explains and explores the estimated results and Section V concludes.
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Our major findings include the following: (1) the bid–ask spreads shift positively with the exchange rate volatility and negatively with trading activity; (2) a U-shaped pattern of spreads exists in the Tokyo trading hours and an inverted U-shaped pattern of spreads exists in the London trading hours; (3) unexpected news arrivals positively affect the bid–ask spreads for all noninstitutional ordinary trading hours and also at the time of the New York market open, lunch and close; (4) an inverted U-shaped pattern exists in the volatility of spreads which may be caused by the unexpected news arrivals. The remainder of this article is organized as follows. Section II introduces the special features of EBS data. Section III presents our specifications of the P-GARCH model. Section IV explains and explores the estimated results and Section V concludes.
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Temuan utama kami adalah sebagai berikut: (1) bid-ask spread menggeser positif dengan volatilitas nilai tukar dan negatif dengan aktivitas perdagangan; (2) pola berbentuk U spread ada di jam perdagangan Tokyo dan terbalik pola berbentuk U spread ada di jam perdagangan London; (3) kedatangan berita tak terduga positif mempengaruhi spread bid-ask untuk semua jam perdagangan biasa non-institusional dan juga pada saat pasar New York terbuka, makan siang dan tutup; (4) pola berbentuk U terbalik ada di volatilitas spread yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kedatangan berita tak terduga. Sisa dari artikel ini disusun sebagai berikut. Bagian II memperkenalkan fitur-fitur khusus data EBS. Bagian III menyajikan spesifikasi kami dari model P-GARCH. Bagian IV menjelaskan dan mengeksplorasi hasil estimasi dan Bagian V menyimpulkan.
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