e MethThe production of methamphetamine -- and the desire to consume i terjemahan - e MethThe production of methamphetamine -- and the desire to consume i Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

e MethThe production of methampheta

e Meth
The production of methamphetamine -- and the desire to consume it -- is seemingly unstoppable. When precursor chemicals are brought under tight control in one country, like the United States, production simply moves to another country, such as Mexico. When Mexican authorities clamp down, it moves farther south, or into Europe or Asia. Then, the finished product is shipped right back into the very countries that have waged such a battle to get it out.
Most meth in the United States is made in large labs --"superlabs"-- in Mexico. There are many small meth labs in operation in the United States, but these mostly serve to feed the habits of the amateur cooks themselves.
The production of methamphetamine has been made more difficult by federal regulations aimed at controlling the flow of precursor chemicals such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, as well as other necessary components. Through theft, subterfuge, forgeries, personal connections and sheer willpower, determined cooks are able to collect enough materials to make some home-grown meth.
Being determined and being safe are two different things -- almost 6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) of toxic material is produced for each pound of meth cooked [source: Snell]. This fact, however, doesn't stop crystal meth addicts from brewing sloppy batches of fuming, stinking, toxic speed in poorly ventilated environments. Houses used as meth labs are often uninhabitable afterward, and cities and states involved in meth lab busts often don't bother with seizing the property, since nobody in their right mind would purchase it at an auction, even at a steep discount. Small meth labs can be found in suburban houses, motel rooms, car trunks, in campsites or in the woods. Outdoor operations often result in water contamination and a dying-off of nearby vegetation.
Large-scale labs are often located inside abandoned barns or warehouses set up specifically for the purpose of factory-line production of methamphetamine. Although superlabs only make up 4 percent of total labs, they produce about 80 percent of the meth that winds up on the street [source: Suo].
Much as a destination can be reached by taking one of several different routes, so too can crystal methamphetamine be produced by a number of different methods. All of them, though, involve ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. The entire process can involve as many as 32 different chemicals [source: Snell].
Without getting into an exact recipe, we'll look at how large-scale operations (who are more likely to use a methodical and exact approach to their production) make crystal meth.
If the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine isn't already in pure powder form, then it must be separated from the tablets of cold medicine that contain it. To do this, the cold medicine tablets are mixed with a solvent and the solution is then filtered and exposed to low temperatures to separate and remove the inert material of the tablet.
The pure pseudoephedrine is then mixed with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid.
The red phosphorus is then filtered out (and later reused), and the remaining acid is neutralized by adding a lye solution.
A substance is added that will bind to the meth, and the liquid meth is then drained out.
Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through the liquid meth, making it a crystalline hydrochloride salt.
This is poured through a filter cloth, and the meth that is left on the filter is then dried.
Once dry, the meth is "stepped on" (mixed down with inert filler in order to maximize profits), weighed and packaged for shipment or sale.
This process generally takes about two days' time and can result in hundreds of thousands of methamphetamine doses.
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e MethThe production of methamphetamine -- and the desire to consume it -- is seemingly unstoppable. When precursor chemicals are brought under tight control in one country, like the United States, production simply moves to another country, such as Mexico. When Mexican authorities clamp down, it moves farther south, or into Europe or Asia. Then, the finished product is shipped right back into the very countries that have waged such a battle to get it out.Most meth in the United States is made in large labs --"superlabs"-- in Mexico. There are many small meth labs in operation in the United States, but these mostly serve to feed the habits of the amateur cooks themselves.The production of methamphetamine has been made more difficult by federal regulations aimed at controlling the flow of precursor chemicals such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, as well as other necessary components. Through theft, subterfuge, forgeries, personal connections and sheer willpower, determined cooks are able to collect enough materials to make some home-grown meth.Being determined and being safe are two different things -- almost 6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) of toxic material is produced for each pound of meth cooked [source: Snell]. This fact, however, doesn't stop crystal meth addicts from brewing sloppy batches of fuming, stinking, toxic speed in poorly ventilated environments. Houses used as meth labs are often uninhabitable afterward, and cities and states involved in meth lab busts often don't bother with seizing the property, since nobody in their right mind would purchase it at an auction, even at a steep discount. Small meth labs can be found in suburban houses, motel rooms, car trunks, in campsites or in the woods. Outdoor operations often result in water contamination and a dying-off of nearby vegetation.Large-scale labs are often located inside abandoned barns or warehouses set up specifically for the purpose of factory-line production of methamphetamine. Although superlabs only make up 4 percent of total labs, they produce about 80 percent of the meth that winds up on the street [source: Suo].Much as a destination can be reached by taking one of several different routes, so too can crystal methamphetamine be produced by a number of different methods. All of them, though, involve ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. The entire process can involve as many as 32 different chemicals [source: Snell].Without getting into an exact recipe, we'll look at how large-scale operations (who are more likely to use a methodical and exact approach to their production) make crystal meth.If the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine isn't already in pure powder form, then it must be separated from the tablets of cold medicine that contain it. To do this, the cold medicine tablets are mixed with a solvent and the solution is then filtered and exposed to low temperatures to separate and remove the inert material of the tablet.The pure pseudoephedrine is then mixed with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid.The red phosphorus is then filtered out (and later reused), and the remaining acid is neutralized by adding a lye solution.A substance is added that will bind to the meth, and the liquid meth is then drained out.Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through the liquid meth, making it a crystalline hydrochloride salt.This is poured through a filter cloth, and the meth that is left on the filter is then dried.Once dry, the meth is "stepped on" (mixed down with inert filler in order to maximize profits), weighed and packaged for shipment or sale.This process generally takes about two days' time and can result in hundreds of thousands of methamphetamine doses.
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e Meth
Produksi methamphetamine - dan keinginan untuk mengkonsumsi - yang tampaknya tak terbendung. Ketika bahan kimia prekursor yang dibawa di bawah kontrol ketat di satu negara, seperti Amerika Serikat, produksi hanya bergerak ke negara lain, seperti Meksiko. Ketika pihak berwenang Meksiko menekan, bergerak lebih jauh ke selatan, atau ke Eropa atau Asia. Kemudian, produk jadi dikirimkan segera kembali ke sangat negara yang telah mengobarkan pertempuran tersebut untuk mendapatkan itu.
Kebanyakan meth di Amerika Serikat dibuat di laboratorium besar - "superlabs" - di Meksiko. Ada banyak laboratorium meth kecil dalam operasi di Amerika Serikat, tetapi ini sebagian berfungsi untuk memberi makan kebiasaan amatir memasak sendiri.
Produksi metamfetamin telah dibuat lebih sulit oleh peraturan federal yang ditujukan untuk mengendalikan aliran bahan kimia prekursor seperti ephedrine dan pseudoefedrin, serta komponen lain yang diperlukan. Melalui pencurian, dalih, pemalsuan, hubungan pribadi dan kemauan belaka, ditentukan koki yang mampu mengumpulkan bahan cukup untuk membuat beberapa meth rumah-tumbuh.
Menjadi ditentukan dan menjadi aman adalah dua hal yang berbeda - hampir 6 pound (2,7 kilogram) bahan beracun diproduksi untuk setiap pon met dimasak [sumber: Snell]. Fakta ini, bagaimanapun, tidak berhenti pecandu shabu dari pembuatan bir batch ceroboh marah, bau, kecepatan beracun di lingkungan berventilasi buruk. Rumah digunakan sebagai laboratorium meth sering dihuni sesudahnya, dan kota-kota dan negara-negara yang terlibat dalam patung meth lab sering tidak repot-repot dengan merebut properti, karena tidak ada yang waras mereka akan membelinya di lelang, bahkan dengan diskon curam. Laboratorium meth kecil dapat ditemukan di rumah-rumah pinggiran kota, kamar motel, bagasi mobil, di tempat perkemahan atau di hutan. Operasi luar sering mengakibatkan pencemaran air dan sekarat-off dari vegetasi di dekatnya.
Laboratorium skala besar sering terletak di dalam lumbung atau gudang ditinggalkan dibentuk khusus untuk tujuan pabrik-line produksi methamphetamine. Meskipun superlabs hanya membuat 4 persen dari total laboratorium, mereka memproduksi sekitar 80 persen dari meth yang angin di jalan [sumber: Suo].
Banyak sebagai tujuan dapat dicapai dengan mengambil salah satu dari beberapa rute yang berbeda, sehingga juga bisa kristal methamphetamine diproduksi oleh sejumlah metode yang berbeda. Semua dari mereka, meskipun, melibatkan efedrin atau pseudoefedrin. Seluruh proses dapat melibatkan sebanyak 32 bahan kimia yang berbeda [sumber: Snell].
Tanpa masuk ke resep yang tepat, kita akan melihat bagaimana operasi skala besar (yang lebih mungkin untuk menggunakan pendekatan metodis dan tepat untuk produksi mereka) membuat shabu.
Jika efedrin atau pseudoefedrin tidak sudah dalam bentuk bubuk murni, maka harus dipisahkan dari tablet obat flu yang mengandung itu. Untuk melakukan hal ini, tablet obat flu dicampur dengan pelarut dan larutan kemudian disaring dan terkena suhu rendah untuk memisahkan dan menghapus bahan inert tablet.
The pseudoefedrin murni kemudian dicampur dengan fosfor merah dan asam hydriodic.
Merah fosfor kemudian disaring (dan kemudian digunakan kembali), dan asam yang tersisa dinetralkan dengan menambahkan larutan alkali.
Sebuah substansi ditambahkan yang akan mengikat meth, dan met cair kemudian dikeringkan.
Gas hidrogen klorida ditiupkan melalui met cair, membuatnya menjadi garam kristal hidroklorida.
Hal ini dituangkan melalui kain saring, dan meth yang tersisa pada filter tersebut kemudian dikeringkan.
Setelah kering, meth adalah "menginjak" (dicampur turun dengan pengisi inert untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan), ditimbang dan dikemas untuk pengiriman atau penjualan.
Proses ini biasanya membutuhkan waktu sekitar dua hari dan dapat mengakibatkan ratusan ribu dosis methamphetamine.
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