The European challenge to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century terjemahan - The European challenge to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The European challenge to the Ottom

The European challenge to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century
helped awaken the central authority from its slumber and encouraged it to
launch an ambitious program of modernization called the Tanzimat, which
began in the early nineteenth century. The Empire responded by adopting
Tanzimat, a wholesale modernization of Ottoman society from the top down.
The Ottoman political and military elite were aware of the necessity of taking
drastic “modernization measures” if they wished to keep the Empire afloat.
Most leading Ottoman bureaucrats and the intelligentsia, including the religious intelligentsia, were firmly behind modernization. The ulama
[Muslim religious leaders] supported modernization in the hope that “the
welfare of the umma” would be safeguarded.5 Although the different nineteenth-
century Ottoman Sultans put their weight behind the Tanzimat, the
process did not prevent the collapse of the Empire by the end of the First
World War. Before the Empire unraveled, however, a new breed of secular
Ottoman intelligentsia arose, a small group of which saw the salvation of the
state in adopting Westernization. They viewed this as the only solution to the
backwardness of the state. The discourse of this community of people
centered on a new understanding of nationalism, secularism, and progress.
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The European challenge to the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth centuryhelped awaken the central authority from its slumber and encouraged it tolaunch an ambitious program of modernization called the Tanzimat, whichbegan in the early nineteenth century. The Empire responded by adoptingTanzimat, a wholesale modernization of Ottoman society from the top down.The Ottoman political and military elite were aware of the necessity of takingdrastic “modernization measures” if they wished to keep the Empire afloat.Most leading Ottoman bureaucrats and the intelligentsia, including the religious intelligentsia, were firmly behind modernization. The ulama[Muslim religious leaders] supported modernization in the hope that “thewelfare of the umma” would be safeguarded.5 Although the different nineteenth-century Ottoman Sultans put their weight behind the Tanzimat, theprocess did not prevent the collapse of the Empire by the end of the FirstWorld War. Before the Empire unraveled, however, a new breed of secularOttoman intelligentsia arose, a small group of which saw the salvation of thestate in adopting Westernization. They viewed this as the only solution to thebackwardness of the state. The discourse of this community of peoplecentered on a new understanding of nationalism, secularism, and progress.
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Tantangan Eropa untuk Kekaisaran Ottoman pada abad kesembilan belas
membantu membangkitkan otoritas pusat dari tidur dan mendorong untuk
meluncurkan program ambisius modernisasi disebut Tanzhimat, yang
dimulai pada awal abad kesembilan belas. Kekaisaran menanggapi dengan mengadopsi
Tanzhimat, modernisasi grosir masyarakat Ottoman dari atas ke bawah.
Para elit politik dan militer Ottoman menyadari perlunya mengambil
drastis "langkah-langkah modernisasi" jika mereka ingin menjaga Kekaisaran mengapung.
Ottoman birokrat Paling terkemuka dan inteligensia, termasuk kaum intelektual agama, yang tegas belakang modernisasi. Para ulama
[pemimpin agama Muslim] didukung modernisasi dengan harapan bahwa
"kesejahteraan umat" akan safeguarded.5 Meskipun berbeda kesembilan belas
abad Sultan Ottoman menempatkan berat badan mereka di belakang Tanzhimat, yang
proses tidak mencegah runtuhnya Kekaisaran pada akhir Pertama
Perang Dunia. Sebelum Kekaisaran terurai, namun, generasi baru sekuler
inteligensia Ottoman muncul, sekelompok kecil yang melihat keselamatan dari
negara dalam mengadopsi westernisasi. Mereka melihat ini sebagai satu-satunya solusi untuk
keterbelakangan negara. Wacana ini komunitas orang
berpusat pada pemahaman baru tentang nasionalisme, sekularisme, dan kemajuan.
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