reported nationwide. Of these, 46 had died and 36 met the case definit terjemahan - reported nationwide. Of these, 46 had died and 36 met the case definit Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

reported nationwide. Of these, 46 h

reported nationwide. Of these, 46 had died and 36 met the case definition for a death
related to EMS (Swygert et al. 1993). Of these deaths, the majority were female, non-
Hispanic whites, with a median age of 58 years., Those who died were significantly
older than other reported patients. Of the 36 deaths related to EMS, 34 had used
L-tryptophan before illness onset. Most deaths occurred within 6 months of illness
onset. Follow-up of reported deaths revealed that the disease involved at least two
organ systems.
3. How can public health surveillance for a condition such as EMS lead to important
health policy actions?
Public health action is possible when surveillance systems are already in place, or
as in this case, when they can be established quickly. In the cases of EMS, the US
Food and Drug Administration recalled the amino acid preparation L-tryptophan.
Implications for Practice
The success of this national surveillance effort depended on physicians' knowledge of
the disease and their willingness to report. Since cases were dispersed throughout the
country, national surveillance data were necessary to look at patterns in their distribution.
The rapid establishment of a previously unrecognized syndrome required an
initial case definition specific enough to ensure consistent case reporting. This strict
case definition was accurate enough for policy decisions (FDA recall of the product),
but the definition was broadened subsequently to allow for early detection of any
undue increase in EMS incidence and to document decrease in cases following
withdrawal of L-tryptophan.
State-Based Surveillance to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Background
Although cardiovascular disease mortality has declined nearly 40% in the last 20 years
(CDC 1996e), it remains the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United
States. The State of Missouri used existing data systems for chronic disease surveillance
to develop a cardiovascular health plan (Missouri Cardiovascular Health Task
Force 1991).
Data from the Missouri Center for Health Statistics were used to quantify that
cardiovascular disease was the cause of death in more than 40% of all deaths attributed
to cardiovascular diseases (Thacker et al. 1995). Age-adjusted mortality rates were
used to document the distribution and spread of the disease among populations in that
state. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System allowed testing
hypotheses of intervention programs (e.g., worksite smoking cessation programs).
Hospital discharge data were used to estimate the burden of chronic disease.
Key Questions
1. Which public health surveillance systems are readily available in a state health
department for addressing and important health condition such as cardiovascular
disease?
A variety of surveillance systems are available, including those noted above and
those noted in Table 4-1. These data sets are commonly underutilized in public health
practice.
2. What was the descriptive profile of cardiovascular disease in Missouri and the
associated risk factors?
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
reported nationwide. Of these, 46 had died and 36 met the case definition for a deathrelated to EMS (Swygert et al. 1993). Of these deaths, the majority were female, non-Hispanic whites, with a median age of 58 years., Those who died were significantlyolder than other reported patients. Of the 36 deaths related to EMS, 34 had usedL-tryptophan before illness onset. Most deaths occurred within 6 months of illnessonset. Follow-up of reported deaths revealed that the disease involved at least twoorgan systems.3. How can public health surveillance for a condition such as EMS lead to importanthealth policy actions?Public health action is possible when surveillance systems are already in place, oras in this case, when they can be established quickly. In the cases of EMS, the USFood and Drug Administration recalled the amino acid preparation L-tryptophan.Implications for PracticeThe success of this national surveillance effort depended on physicians' knowledge ofthe disease and their willingness to report. Since cases were dispersed throughout thecountry, national surveillance data were necessary to look at patterns in their distribution.The rapid establishment of a previously unrecognized syndrome required aninitial case definition specific enough to ensure consistent case reporting. This strictcase definition was accurate enough for policy decisions (FDA recall of the product),but the definition was broadened subsequently to allow for early detection of anyundue increase in EMS incidence and to document decrease in cases following
withdrawal of L-tryptophan.
State-Based Surveillance to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease
Background
Although cardiovascular disease mortality has declined nearly 40% in the last 20 years
(CDC 1996e), it remains the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United
States. The State of Missouri used existing data systems for chronic disease surveillance
to develop a cardiovascular health plan (Missouri Cardiovascular Health Task
Force 1991).
Data from the Missouri Center for Health Statistics were used to quantify that
cardiovascular disease was the cause of death in more than 40% of all deaths attributed
to cardiovascular diseases (Thacker et al. 1995). Age-adjusted mortality rates were
used to document the distribution and spread of the disease among populations in that
state. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System allowed testing
hypotheses of intervention programs (e.g., worksite smoking cessation programs).
Hospital discharge data were used to estimate the burden of chronic disease.
Key Questions
1. Which public health surveillance systems are readily available in a state health
department for addressing and important health condition such as cardiovascular
disease?
A variety of surveillance systems are available, including those noted above and
those noted in Table 4-1. These data sets are commonly underutilized in public health
practice.
2. What was the descriptive profile of cardiovascular disease in Missouri and the
associated risk factors?
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
melaporkan nasional. Dari jumlah tersebut, 46 meninggal dan 36 memenuhi definisi kasus untuk kematian
yang berhubungan dengan EMS (Swygert et al. 1993). Dari kematian ini, mayoritas adalah perempuan, non
kulit putih non-Hispanik, dengan usia rata-rata 58 tahun., Mereka yang meninggal secara signifikan
lebih tua dari pasien melaporkan lain. Dari 36 kematian yang berkaitan dengan EMS, 34 telah menggunakan
L-tryptophan sebelum penyakit onset. Sebagian besar kematian terjadi dalam waktu 6 bulan dari penyakit
onset. Tindak lanjut dari kematian yang dilaporkan mengungkapkan bahwa penyakit melibatkan sedikitnya dua
sistem organ.
3. Bagaimana pengawasan kesehatan publik untuk kondisi seperti EMS mengarah penting
tindakan kebijakan kesehatan?
Tindakan kesehatan masyarakat adalah mungkin bila sistem pengawasan sudah di tempat, atau
seperti dalam kasus ini, ketika mereka dapat dibentuk dengan cepat. Dalam kasus EMS, AS
Food and Drug Administration mengingat amino persiapan asam L-tryptophan.
Implikasi untuk Praktik
Keberhasilan upaya surveilans nasional ini tergantung pada pengetahuan dokter 'dari
penyakit dan kesediaan mereka untuk melaporkan. Sejak kasus tersebar di seluruh
negeri, data surveilans nasional yang diperlukan untuk melihat pola dalam distribusi mereka.
Pembentukan cepat dari sindrom yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal diperlukan suatu
definisi kasus awal cukup spesifik untuk memastikan pelaporan kasus konsisten. Ketat ini
definisi kasus cukup akurat untuk keputusan kebijakan (FDA recall produk),
tapi definisi itu diperluas kemudian untuk memungkinkan deteksi dini setiap
kenaikan yang tidak semestinya dalam kejadian EMS dan untuk mendokumentasikan penurunan kasus berikut
penarikan L-tryptophan.
Negara Surveillance berbasis untuk Mencegah Penyakit Kardiovaskular
Latar Belakang
Meskipun angka kematian penyakit kardiovaskular telah menurun hampir 40% dalam 20 tahun terakhir
(CDC 1996e), tetap penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di Amerika
Serikat. Negara Missouri digunakan sistem data yang ada untuk pengawasan penyakit kronis
untuk mengembangkan rencana kesehatan kardiovaskular (Missouri Cardiovascular Health Task
Angkatan 1991).
Data dari Pusat Missouri Statistik Kesehatan yang digunakan untuk mengukur bahwa
penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyebab kematian di lebih dari 40% dari semua kematian disebabkan
penyakit kardiovaskular (Thacker et al. 1995). Angka kematian usia disesuaikan yang
digunakan untuk mendokumentasikan distribusi dan penyebaran penyakit di antara populasi dalam
negara. Data dari Perilaku Faktor Risiko Surveillance System memungkinkan pengujian
hipotesis dari program intervensi (misalnya, tempat kerja program berhenti merokok).
Data Rumah Sakit debit digunakan untuk memperkirakan beban penyakit kronis.
Pertanyaan Kunci
1. Yang sistem surveilans kesehatan masyarakat sudah tersedia dalam kesehatan negara
departemen untuk menangani dan kondisi kesehatan penting seperti jantung
penyakit?
Berbagai sistem surveilans yang tersedia, termasuk yang disebutkan di atas dan
mereka dicatat dalam Tabel 4-1. Set data ini biasanya kurang dimanfaatkan dalam kesehatan masyarakat
praktek.
2. Apa profil deskriptif penyakit kardiovaskular di Missouri dan
faktor risiko yang terkait?
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